使用PowerShell高效管理Microsoft Azure

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"Pro PowerShell for Microsoft Azure(Apress,2015)" 是一本专为熟悉PowerShell并希望在Microsoft云环境中构建、操作和管理Windows工作负载的专业人士编写的书籍。本书通过实用的例子和脚本，提供了易懂的解释，涵盖了广泛的日常需求和关键管理任务。在本书中，作者Sherif Talaat首先介绍了微软Azure平台的基本概念，以及如何通过PowerShell开始配置。读者将学习如何部署、配置和管理Azure平台的各种组件，包括存储、虚拟网络、Azure Web Apps、HDInsight集群以及Azure SQL数据库。此外，书中深入探讨了工作负载自动化、调度和资源管理，以提高日常任务的效率。管理员还将通过Azure Active Directory和Rights Management Services完全控制Azure的身份和访问权限。这本书还包含了来自Wagdy Ishac的贡献，进一步丰富了内容的深度和广度。它不仅是一本技术指南，也是专业人士向微软云环境过渡的实用手册，帮助读者掌握在Azure平台上利用PowerShell进行高效管理的技能。标签：“Pro PowerShell Microsoft Azure”表明该书专注于高级的PowerShell技术在Azure环境中的应用。部分内容引用了版权信息，强调了对作品的保护，同时也指出了在符合版权法律的情况下，允许有限度的复制和使用，例如用于评论、学术分析或特别为输入计算机系统并由购买者独家使用的软件材料。 "Pro PowerShell for Microsoft Azure" 是一本面向IT专业人员的深入指南，涵盖了使用PowerShell在Azure云环境中执行关键任务的各个方面，包括基础设施管理、自动化、安全性和效率提升。对于计划或已经在Azure平台上工作的系统管理员、DevOps工程师和其他IT专业人士来说，这是一本不可多得的参考资料。

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Introduction

An Overview of this Book

Chapter 1: Azure Architecture Overview

This chapter introduces the Microsoft Azure architecture and the services covered in the upcoming chapters.

This chapter is not meant to teach Microsoft Azure for beginners, but to set the base for readers and refresh

their memories before they start.

Chapter 2: Getting Started with Azure PowerShell

Microsoft Azure has its own PowerShell module known as Azure PowerShell. This chapter teaches you how

to download and install the Azure PowerShell module, and how to configure it and make it ready to connect

to your Microsoft Azure subscription.

Chapter 3: Managing and Maintaining Azure Storage

Storage is a constant in any computing or IT formula. Desktops, servers, routers, switches, and smartphones

will never work without storage—and this applies to cloud computing as well. Storage is a component that

all of these services rely on before digging into the different Azure services and workloads. In this chapter,

you get ready for and become aware of Azure storage. You learn about the Azure storage account and the

different types and services. Also, you learn how to configure it using PowerShell.

Chapter 4: Virtual Machines Deployment and Management

Let’s learn about the deployment and management of the virtual machines portion of Azure Infrastructure

as a Service (IaaS). This chapter covers the different operations that can be performed on virtual machines

and its different components, including disks, operating systems, security, endpoints, high availability,

imaging, and so forth.

Chapter 5: Virtual Networking Configuration

This chapter continues the discussion of Azure IaaS components with Azure Virtual Networks (VN). It

covers basic VN operations, such as network deployment and creation, as well as advanced operations like

configuring external gateways, site-to-site VPNs, Traffic Manager, Azure DNS, and access control lists (ACLs).

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Chapter 6: Deploying Azure Web Apps

As part of Azure’s PaaS offerings, Azure Web Apps provides a platform for hosting web sites and web apps,

whether they are written using Microsoft technologies such as .NET, or other technologies, such as PHP

and Python. Managing a single web app sounds fine, but managing multiple web apps—especially if you

are a service provider—could be a nightmare. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to teach you how to use

PowerShell to create, configure, manage, and monitor Azure-hosted web apps.

Chapter 7: Azure SQL Database

Azure SQL Database is another Azure Platform as a Service (PaaS) offering; it is simply the cloud-hosted

version of Microsoft SQL Server. This chapter demonstrates how to use PowerShell to manage Azure SQL

databases and servers to create, configure, access, and query Azure SQL databases. It also covers backup and

recovery, along with the georeplication of the databases.

Chapter 8: Azure Automation

One of the cool things about Azure is having a PowerShell module; but the coolest thing is to have one of

the services, Azure Automation, which is built on and relies on the Windows PowerShell and Windows

PowerShell Workflows engine. This chapter helps you utilize your PowerShell skills to unleash the maximum

out of Azure Automation in order to build a complex yet advanced automation platform for your Azure

services and workloads.

Chapter 9: Azure RemoteApp

In this chapter, you learn about Azure RemoteApp services and its PowerShell cmdlets via a full end-to-

end RemoteApp scenario. The examples show how to build an Azure RemoteApp custom template with

applications and how to use the RemoteApp template image to create a RemoteApp collection and publish

it. Moreover, it shows how to monitor RemoteApp usage, manage the connected user sessions, and take

actions, such as disconnecting a session, logging off a session, and sending a message to the active sessions.

Chapter 10: Azure Identity and Access

“With great power comes great responsibility” is a well-known saying. And with the cloud’s power comes

a great security risk, if you don’t do things right. Azure Active Directory (AAD) is one of the components

that helps you set the right permissions to the right people on the cloud, just like Windows Server Active

Directory for the on-premises infrastructure. In this chapter, you learn about the PowerShell module for

Azure Active Directory, including where to download it and how to install and configure it.

Chapter 11: Azure Rights Management Services

Azure Rights Management Services is an information and content protection service that helps you ensure

that data is always protected and only accessed by the right people. Usually, you have different departments,

groups, and levels of employees within the same organization. This means that you have to create different

RMS policies to fit the business requirements of each of these groups. This chapter demonstrates how to use

the Azure RMS PowerShell module to easily manage the Azure RMS settings, as well as Azure RMS policies

and protected content.

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Chapter 12: Building and Managing Azure HDInsight Clusters

There is no doubt that cloud computing is a trend, and Big Data is today’s technology fashion. So, imagine

how powerful it would be to have the capabilities of Big Data powered by cloud computing and managed

by PowerShell. This is what you read about in this chapter, and in which you learn about using PowerShell

to build and manage Azure HDInsight clusters, how to manipulate and use an HDInsight cluster, as well as

running Pig or Hive scripts, and automating processes for efficient resource usage.

Who Should Read this Book?

Pro PowerShell for Microsoft Azure is written for Windows professionals who are familiar with PowerShell

and want to learn to build, operate, and administer their Windows workloads in the Microsoft Azure cloud.

The book is packed with practical examples and scripts, with easy-to-follow explanations for a wide range of

day-to-day needs and essential administration tasks.

This book assumes you have experience with Microsoft PowerShell. It will not teach you how to write

PowerShell scripts. There are numerous excellent books on the market already. As an example, Apress offers

a book titled Pro Windows PowerShell by HristoDeshev.

On the other hand, it would be great to have a hands-on experience with Microsoft Azure; this would

help you progress faster. However, in some cases, we start with the basics and build on that foundation.

In other cases, especially advanced topics such as virtual networking and HDInsight, the chapter entirely

counts on your experience with these subjects.

If this is your first time dealing with Azure PowerShell, then I highly recommend that you follow the

chapter’s sequence and structure. It is very important to do this because the chapters rely on each other.

However, if you have experience with Azure PowerShell and you want to jump to a specific chapter or topic

in the book, then I recommend that you at least read Chapter 2 to refresh your memory and prepare your

environment for other chapters.

What Do You Need for this Book?

To get the maximum benefit out of this book and to reproduce the examples, you should have the following:

• Internet connectivity.

• A Microsoft Azure subscription. You can register for a free trial or get it as a benefit of

an MSDN subscription (if you have any).

• Azure PowerShell version 9.8.1.

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Chapter 1

Azure Architecture Overview

The computer industry is the only industry that is more fashion-driven than women’s fashion.

—Larry Ellison (Chairman, Oracle Corporation)

The cloud is a popular and trending term that everyone is using nowadays. Of course, the cloud that I mean

has nothing to do with the weather, but with technology—cloud computing.

Today, almost everyone is using the cloud to describe a service delivered to or consumed by end users

and information workers. The cloud is everywhere and it is being consumed by almost everyone on the

planet—from the oldest computer geeks to the youngest tablet and game console users.

People may not even know that they are using a cloud service, but everyone who uses the Internet is

using the cloud. If you have an e-mail account, then you are using the cloud. If your kids are playing video

games online with their friends, then they are using the cloud. If your spouse is using iCloud, OneDrive,

or any similar service to store pictures, videos, and other files, that’s through the cloud too. Despite these

examples, ironically, there are people still resisting the idea of using the cloud, although they are using it on

a daily basis.

The cloud, in fact, is one of the fastest growing technologies in the history of the computer industry.

Every day you will find a new vendor delivering a different type of cloud service; and every time you log in to

your cloud service portal, you will find a brand-new feature. Therefore, to cope with the massive explosion

of features and always be in control (I’ll quote tire manufacturer Pirelli’s slogan: “Power is nothing without

control”), we have to ensure that we are using the right tools in our arsenal to help us achieve this goal.

This book spotlights PowerShell as one of the most powerful tools that you must have in your toolbox.

PowerShell is not just a scripting language, but also an automation engine that makes it easy to do a complex

task in less time and with minimal effort. Moreover, PowerShell plays a major role as a platform in some

of Microsoft Azure’s features. For example, the Azure automation engine is built on top of PowerShell’s

workflow feature. Don’t worry—I will cover everything in more detail in the upcoming chapters.

In this chapter, and in the entire book, you will learn about the PowerShell module for Microsoft Azure

and how to get it ready. Also, you will learn how to use the PowerShell modules and cmdlets to deploy,

configure, manage, and automate Azure services.

What Is Microsoft Azure?

Microsoft Azure (formerly Windows Azure) is Microsoft’s cloud platform—you could say Microsoft’s

implementation for cloud computing—that provides both Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) and Platform

as a Service (PaaS). Azure is the platform to build, deploy, deliver, and manage robust, secure, and scalable

applications and services, not only using Microsoft’s technologies, but other vendors’ tools, operating

systems, and programming languages as well.

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CHAPTER 1 ■ AZURE ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW

Because it is a hybrid platform, Azure allows you to tightly integrate your on-premises services with

cloud-hosted solutions as if they are both in the same datacenter. Also, it is a scalable and economical

platform that easily and quickly scales up or down your services and resources when it is needed—and

without paying a lot of money. You only pay for what you use and consume.

■ Note Azure is the only major cloud platform ranked by Gartner as an industry leader for both IaaS and PaaS.

Azure Regions

The Azure platform operates through a global network of Microsoft-managed datacenters in 17 regions

(at the moment I am writing these words) around the world, with more datacenters in more regions to

come soon. Microsoft has more than 1 million servers hosted in 100-plus datacenters within its cloud

infrastructure portfolio. This massive infrastructure delivers 200-plus cloud services to more than 1 billion

customers in 90 countries.

■ Note For more statistics about Microsoft’s datacenters, refer to http://download.microsoft.com/

download/8/2/9/8297F7C7-AE81-4E99-B1DB-D65A01F7A8EF/Microsoft_Cloud_Infrastructure_

Datacenter_and_Network_Fact_Sheet.pdf

The global presence of Azure means a high availability of services (a 99.95% service level

agreement (SLA)). It also allows you to build your disaster recovery (DR) site—geolocation-redundant

replicas of your applications and services—with ease, low effort and resources, and in a cost-effective

manner. Moreover, it will help you deliver world-class service performances with minimal latency by hosting

at a location closest to your users’ base.

Figure1-1 shows a regional map of Azure datacenters. Azure’s services availability varies from one

region to another, so make sure to check the Microsoft Azure web site (http://azure.microsoft.com/

en-us/regions/#services) for the most updated services availability list.

Figure 1-1. Microsoft Azure regional locations

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