C#编程思维深度解析：从入门到高级

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《思考C#》(Thinking in C#) 是一本由 Larry O'Brien 和 Bruce Eckel 联合编著的经典著作，专为C#编程初学者和进阶者设计。本书旨在通过深入浅出的方式传授C#编程的核心理念和实践技巧，使读者掌握这门强大的面向对象编程语言。在本书中，作者首先介绍了计算机语言的基础概念，引导读者理解编程的基本原理。随后章节按照循序渐进的方式展开，包括： 1. **那些能者，码代码**：激发读者对编程的兴趣，强调实践的重要性。 2. **对象之旅**：从介绍对象的概念入手，让读者熟悉类、对象和封装等核心概念。 3. **你好，对象世界**：详细讲解如何创建和操作对象，以及它们在程序中的作用。 4. **控制程序流程**：涉及条件语句、循环、函数等，帮助读者理解如何控制程序的执行逻辑。 5. **初始化与清理**：讨论对象的生命周期管理和内存管理。 6. **隐藏实现细节**：探讨封装和访问修饰符，如何保护数据和方法。 7. **复用与继承**：通过类的继承和接口，展示代码重用和模块化设计。 8. **接口与实现**：深入理解接口与类的接口合同，以及多态性。 9. **耦合与内聚**：讲解软件设计中的关键原则，提高代码质量。 10. **对象的收集**：涉及垃圾回收机制，确保程序资源的有效管理。 11. **异常处理**：学习如何优雅地应对和处理程序中的错误。 12. **C# I/O操作**：涉及文件操作、网络通信等内容，提升数据输入输出能力。 13. **反射与元数据**：探索C#的动态特性，理解和利用反射API。 14. **编程Windows Forms**：介绍GUI编程，为桌面应用开发打下基础。 15. **GDI+概览**：图形设备接口的使用，提升图形和图像处理能力。 16. **多线程编程**：探索并发编程，优化性能。 17. **XML**：讲解如何利用C#处理XML数据，包括DOM和XML Schema。 18. **Web编程**：涉及ASP.NET和Web服务，扩展应用程序的功能。 19. **为Visual Basic程序员的C#入门**：对比C#与VB.NET的异同，便于不同背景读者学习。 20. **为Java程序员的C#指南**：为已有Java经验的读者提供迁移路径。 21. **测试驱动编程（Test-First Programming）与NUnit**：提倡测试优先的编程实践。 22. **针对Palm PC的C#编程**：适用于移动设备的编程技巧。 23. **C#编程指南**：总结最佳实践，帮助读者编写高效、可维护的代码。 24. **资源**：提供学习和参考材料的列表，助于进一步学习。 25. **词汇索引**：方便查找特定主题。 26. **类、方法、属性交叉引用**：便于快速定位相关概念。 27. **全书概览**：再次回顾整本书的主要内容和结构。《思考C#》不仅是一本技术教程，还包含了许多编程思维的引导，适合想要深入理解C#编程并提升编程技能的读者。通过阅读这本书，读者将能够建立起扎实的C#编程基础，并逐渐掌握高级特性和最佳实践。

ii Thinking in C# www.ThinkingIn.NET

library classes and methods in the area. Hopefully, some topics will excite your

interest and you will seek out a deeper understanding of the underlying

principles.

Every chapter in this book is worthy of book-length discussion and Thinking in

C# necessarily glosses over many issues. Rather than hide these decisions in

academic rhetoric, this book tries to make explicit the subjective opinions of the

authors, Larry O’Brien and Bruce Eckel. Additionally, neither of us is in the

employ of Microsoft

and both of us are fairly jaded when it comes to languages,

frameworks, and implementations. We do not hesitate to criticize design

decisions with which we disagree nor do we pause when it comes to crediting

Java as an important influence as both a marketing and technical influence on C#

and .NET. Both of us have been programming since the 1970s and writing and

teaching on these subjects since the ’80s, so our opinions may be judged

incorrect, but we come to those opinions by experience.

Prerequisites

This book assumes that you have some programming familiarity: you understand

that a program is a collection of statements, the idea of a

subroutine/function/macro, control statements such as “if” and looping

constructs such as “while,” etc. However, you might have learned this in many

places, such as programming with Microsoft Office’s Visual Basic for Applications

or working with a tool like Perl. As long as you’ve programmed to the point where

you feel comfortable with the basic ideas of programming, you’ll be able to work

through this book.

The book will be easiest for Visual Basic, Delphi, or Java programmers. Visual

Basic programmers will be familiar with many library names and several of the

programming models, Delphi programmers will recognize in C# the influence of

Anders Hejlsberg, and Java programmers will find the hardest thing about

moving to C# is getting used to a different naming convention. If you don’t have a

background in those languages, don’t count yourself out, although naturally it

means that you will be required to expend a little more effort.

This book does not assume that you’re familiar with object-oriented

programming (OOP) and the first half of the book can be seen as an extended

tutorial on object-oriented programming at least as much as a tutorial on C# per

se. No formal background in computer science is expected.

Larry has been paid to write technical white papers for Microsoft.

Preface: Computer Language iii

Although references will often be made to language features in other languages

such as C++ and Java, these are not intended to be insider comments, but instead

to help all programmers put C# in perspective with those languages. All good

programmers are polyglots and the greatest value proposition of the .NET

Framework is that it supports multiple languages.

Learning C#

Picasso is reputed to have said “Computers are worthless; they can only give you

answers.” The same could be said of books. No book can teach you C#

programming, because programming is a creative process. The only way to learn

any language is to use it in a variety of situations, to gradually internalize it as you

solve increasingly difficult problems with it. To learn C#, you must start

programming in C#.

This is not to say that the best way to learn C# is on the job. For one thing,

companies don’t typically allow programmers to work in a language in which they

have no experience. More significantly, your job is to deliver value to your

customers, not to learn the nuances of C# and the .NET Framework.

For many people, seminars are the best environment for rapid learning. There

are many reasons for this: the interactions with the teachers and fellow students,

the explicit dedication of several days to achieving specific educational goals, or

just being out of the office and away from email and meetings. One of the authors

(Bruce) has been teaching object-oriented programming in multiday seminars

since 1989. The structure of this book is highly influenced by those experiences.

As the chair of the C++ and Java tracks at the Software Development conference,

Bruce discovered that speakers tended to give the typical audience too many

topics at once. Sometimes this was because they were striving to present an

example that was “realistic” and therefore unfocused. Other times it stemmed

from a fear of underserving the more experienced in the audience. Over the years,

Bruce developed many presentations, iteratively developing a scope and sequence

for teaching object-oriented programming in a language-specific manner. This

curriculum has been the core of many products: books, CD-ROMs, and seminars

for a variety of languages including C++, Java, and, now, C#.

There are three notable characteristics of this curriculum:

♦ It has a broad scope, from fundamental topics such as “how does one

compile a program?” to professional challenges such as thread-safe

design

iv Thinking in C# www.MindView.net

♦ It is outcome-oriented: the goal is to give the learner the basic skills for

professional object-oriented development in the language

♦ It is dependent on the learner’s active engagement with the samples and

exercises

Although this book is influenced by the seminars and books that preceded it, it is

not just seminar notes. More than anything, the book is designed to serve the

solitary reader who is struggling with a new programming language.

Goals

Like its immediate predecessor Thinking in Java, this book is structured around

the process of teaching the language. In particular, the structure is based on the

way the language can be taught in seminars. Chapters in the book correspond to

what experience has taught is a good lesson during a seminar. The goal is to get

bite-sized pieces that can be taught in a reasonable amount of time, followed by

exercises that are feasible to accomplish in a classroom situation.

The goals of this book are to:

1. Present the material one simple step at a time so that you can easily

digest each concept before moving on.

2. Use examples that are as simple and short as possible. This generally

prevents “real world” problems, but it’s better to understand every detail

of an example rather than being impressed by the scope of the problem it

solves.

3. Carefully sequence the presentation of features so that you aren’t seeing

something that you haven’t been exposed to. Of course, this isn’t always

possible; in those situations, a brief introductory description is given.

4. Give a pragmatic understanding of the topic, rather than a

comprehensive reference. There is an information importance hierarchy,

and there are some facts that 95 percent of programmers will never need

to know and that just confuse people and add to their perception of the

complexity of the language. To take an example from C#, if you

memorize the operator precedence table on page 118, you can write

clever code. But if you need to think about it, it will also confuse the

reader/maintainer of that code. So forget about precedence, and use

parentheses when things aren’t clear.

5. Keep each section focused enough so that the range of topics covered is

digestible. Not only does this keep the audience’s minds more active and

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C#编程思维深度解析：从入门到高级

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