温室气候自适应控制：控制分配与绿色能源的新策略

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本文是一篇发表在国际系统科学期刊上的研究论文，标题为“基于控制分配的温室气候自适应控制”（Controlallocation-based adaptive control for greenhouse climate），作者是Yuanping Su、Lihong Xu和Erik D. Goodman。该研究关注的是在温室环境中实现气候控制的自适应策略，这对于优化农业生产和环境保护具有重要意义。文章的国际标准连续出版物编号(ISCN)为0020-7721（印刷版）和1464-5319（在线版），期刊主页可以在https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tsys20上找到。发表日期为2018年2月26日，且自文章发布以来已获得了91次的阅读量。控制分配在现代温室管理中扮演着关键角色，它涉及如何有效地将控制器的指令分配到实际执行系统中，以确保温室内的温度、湿度、光照等参数能够根据环境变化进行精确调整。适应性控制在此背景下显得尤为重要，因为温室环境可能受到外部因素（如气候变化、季节性波动）以及内部设备故障的影响，传统的固定控制策略可能难以应对这些不确定性。研究者们提出了一个新颖的控制分配方法，旨在实时学习和适应温室环境的变化，提高系统的动态性能和鲁棒性。通过这种方法，他们能够在保持能源效率的同时，保证作物生长的最佳条件，对于提高农业生产效率和可持续性具有实际应用价值。为了引用这篇论文，可以使用以下信息：Yuanping Su, Lihong Xu, & Erik D. Goodman (2018). Control allocation-based adaptive control for greenhouse climate, International Journal of Systems Science, 49(6), 1146-1163. DOI: 10.1080/00207721.2018.1440025. 访问链接为：https://doi.org/10.1080/00207721.2018.1440025。如果读者对相关主题感兴趣，可以查看文章的交叉标记数据和更多相关文章链接，以便深入了解这一领域的最新进展和技术挑战。整体而言，这篇文章代表了控制工程与农业系统相结合的研究前沿，对于理解和改进温室环境管理具有较高的学术价值。

Y. SU ET AL.

If the soil temperature is not measured, then it is reason-

able to use the following formula to estimate this vari-

able:

soil

(k + 1) = T

soil

(k) + t

sample

· [K

air

(k) − T

soil

(k))

− K

soil

(k) − T

)]/Cap

soil

, (3)

where k denotes discrete time variable, and t

sample

(s) is the

sampling period. Below are the calculations of heat and

mass uxes in the model. It should be noted that, in con-

trast to the original Tap model, some sub-processes such

as crop transpiration, photosynthesis, respiration, con-

densationoncoverandventilationarecalculatedusing

improved models.

2.1. Input–output model of actuators

Directairheatingisadoptedinthisworkduetoitsquick

response to the output of the controller. The heat ux

from the heater to the greenhouse can be expressed as a

linear proportional function with respect to the control

variable, and is described by

heat

= u

heat

· Q

heat_max

, (4)

where u

heat

isthecontrolvalveoftheheater,andQ

heat_ max

(J/m

) is the heat capacity of the heater. Similarly, the fog

and CO

uxes are calculated, respectively, by



fog

= u

fog

· 

fog_max

(5)



= u

· 

_ max

(6)

where 

fog_max

(g/(m

·s), 

_max

(mg/(m

·s) are the

capacities of fogging system and CO

enrichment system,

respectively, and u

fog

, u

are the control inputs.

2.2. Condensation

Condensation often takes place on the inner surface of

agreenhousecover,andthevapouruxfromairtothe

cover is calculated by

cond



0 VP

air

< VP

cov

6.4 × 10

−6

air_cov

(VP

air

− VP

cov

) VP

air

≥ VP

cov

(7)

where VP

cov

(Pa) is the saturation vapour pressure of the

inner surface, and is calculated by Improna, Hemming,

and Bot (2007)

cov

= 2.229 × 10

−

5385

cov

+273.15

, (8)

where T

cov

is the cover temperature, and is calculated by

cov

ε + 1

out

air

is the vapour pressure below the thermal screen, and

can be calculated by

air

· R · (T

air

+ 273.15)

× 10

−3

, (9)

where R (J/(kmol·K)) is the molar gas constant, and M

(kg/kmol) is the molar mass of water.

2.3. Transpiration model

To improve simulation performance, a transpiration

model developed by Stanghellini (1987)isusedinthe

reduced state model instead of the Penman–Monteith (P–

M) transpiration model (Tap, 2000)usedinTap’smodel.

This improved model is given by

E =

2000ρ

air

p,air

LAI

Hγ(r

+ r

)

(VP

can

− VP

air

), (10)

where ρ

air

(kg/m

)andC

p,air

(J/(K·kg)) are the density

and specic heat capacity of the greenhouse air, LAI is

theleafareaindex.VP

can

(Pa) denotes saturated vapour

pressure of the crop’s canopy, and VP

air

(Pa) is the vapour

pressureoftheinsideair.γ (Pa/K) is the psychromet-

ric constant, r

(s/m) represents the boundary layer resis-

tance of the canopy for vapour transport, and is consid-

ered as a constant in this work. r

(s/m) is the stomatal

resistance of the canopy for vapour transport, and is usu-

ally expressed as the following function with respect to

the air temperature, humidity, CO

concentration and

solar radiation above the canopy:

= r

s,min

can

) · f

(CO

2,air

) · f

(VP

can

− VP

air

(11)

where

can

) =

can

+ c

can

+ c

(CO

2,air

) = 1 + c

(η

mg_ppm

2,air

− 200)

(VP

can

− VP

air

) = 1 + c

(VP

can

− VP

air

)

The parameters c

, c

and c

are empirically deter-

mined, and η

mg_ppm

((ppm·m

)/mg) is the conversion

factor from mg/m

to ppm. The solar radiation above the

canopy R

can

is calculated by

can

= τ

cov

· I

glob

, (12)

where τ

cov

is the transmission coecient of cover.

1148

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温室气候自适应控制：控制分配与绿色能源的新策略

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