树莓派3B+学习指南：从入门到实战

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"树莓派学习指南深入探讨Raspberry Pi 3B+的最新知识。本资源旨在帮助初学者了解和掌握这款流行的微型计算机系统。首先，让我们从"Unpack the box"开始，这是安装过程的第一步，其中包含了设备的基本组成，如Raspberry Pi板、5V 1A电源供应器（可选）以及8GB microSD卡。如果你购买的是套装，还可能包括一个外壳或其他配件，建议在开始前先组装好。操作系统部分讲解了Raspbian，这是官方推荐的基于Linux的轻量级操作系统，适合树莓派。学习者将学会如何通过命令行操作，"Learn the ropes"这部分涵盖了基础的终端使用技巧和命令理解。对于新手来说，理解如何加载操作系统和安装软件包至关重要，这部分详细介绍了"Loading the O/S"和"Packages: How do they work?"。 RaspBMC是一种专门针对树莓派设计的媒体中心解决方案，提供了更丰富的多媒体体验。此外，教程还涉及了如何利用树莓派的功能，如相机控制器和数据发送，以及如何将树莓派用于实际项目，如Minecraft Pi的搭建。 "Sending output"部分关注于树莓派的数据输出和交互，确保用户能充分利用其硬件资源。最后的"Postscript"可能会包含一些额外的注意事项、常见问题解答或未来的更新提示。整个学习资源旨在提供一个全面且循序渐进的学习路径，无论是初次接触树莓派还是有一定经验的用户，都能从中获益匪浅。请随时关注后续章节的发布，以便获取更多深入的内容和实践项目。记住，树莓派的学习是一个持续的过程，通过不断实践和探索，你可以在这个小型计算机平台上实现无限可能。"

Loading the O/S

The memory card is affectionately

referred to as NOOBS.

NOOBS is a way to make setting up a RaspberryPi for the first

time much, much easier. You won’t need network access, and

you won’t need to download any special imaging software.

Insert the microSD card in the memory slot

underneath the board. Plug your power

cord into the port next to the HDMI video

port. When you boot up for the first time,

you’ll see a menu prompting you to install

one of several operating systems into

the free space on the card. The choice

means you can boot the Pi with a regular

operating system like Raspbian, or with a

media-center specific OS like RaspBMC.

Once you’ve selected the O/S you’d like

(see the O/S section for more information),

make sure you check the dialogue box

at the bottom of the page for the proper

language that you prefer. The installer will

build the O/S that you selected (a good

time for a sandwich or a cup of coffee).

Once you’ve installed an operating system,

your Pi will boot as normal. However,

NOOBS stays resident on your card, by

holding Shift down during boot you can

return to the recovery interface. This allows

you to switch to a different operating

system, or overwrite a corrupted card with

a fresh install of the current one; it also

provides a handy tool to let you edit the

config.txt configuration file for the currently

installed operating system, and even a

web browser so you can visit the forums

or Google for pointers if you get stuck.

Once the installation is complete your Pi will

restart and a bunch of strange looking text

will appear on your screen. If you are new to

Linux this might take you back to the “DOS”

days. Not to fear this is called the “command

line” You will see at the bottom of the page

the last line reads – raspberrypi login:

Next you will need this information.

Thedefault username and password are:

Username: pi

Password: raspberry

When you hit the enter key you

will see the following line

Pi@raspberrypi ~ $

Type the following to launch the desktop:

startx

Congratulations! You now have started

up your Pi! Now go explore.

■

The microSD card

slot is located on

the underside of the

Raspberry Pi board.

Raspberry Pi User Guide.indd 7 08/07/2014 14:44

Raspbian

For the majority of people who use it, Raspbian

will be the graphical face of the Raspberry Pi.

It can be obtained and installed on to an SD card by

following the instructions on the previous page.

Once it’s up and running, it’s a good

idea to grab the latest versions of all the

software by connecting your Pi to the

internet, opening a terminal and running:

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get upgrade

The killer feature of Raspbian is the

raspi-config

program. This will start

automatically the first time you boot,

or can be run at any time by typing

sudo raspi-config in a terminal.

It has got quite a few options,

but the most important are:

■

expand_rootfs Because of the way

Raspbian is installed, it will only create

a 2GB filesystem, so if you have a

larger card, any remaining space

will remain unused. You can use this

option to expand the filesystem to take

advantage of any wasted space.

■

memory_split The Raspberry Pi uses

the same chunk of memory for both

the main processor and the graphics

chip. Using this option, you can change

the amount allocated to each.

■

overscan This option can be used on

some displays to make the graphics

expand to fill the whole screen. You can

safely ignore it unless you have problems.

■

overclock Get an extra 50 per cent

performance at no extra cost! See

‘Overclocking’ for more details.

■

boot_behaviour This rather

cryptically named option changes

whether your Pi boots into a graphical

environment or a text one.

The installed software has been kept

to a minimum. This is a good idea, but

you may find that tools you use on other

desktop distros aren’t there. Fortunately,

as Raspbian is linked to the Debian Armhf

repositories, you have access to more

software than you’re ever likely to need. If

you like using a mouse, you may want to

install a graphical package manager. We

recommend

Synaptic

. To install it, type:

sudo apt-get install synaptic

in a terminal. It can then be opened by

going to the

‘LXDE menu > Preferences

> Synaptic Package Manager’.

You can

then install any software you want.

■

Like all good

distros, Raspbian

comes with a

selection of addictive

time-wasters. This

is Squirrels from the

Pygames selection.

Raspberry Pi User Guide.indd 8 08/07/2014 14:44

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