树莓派3B+学习指南：从入门到实战

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Loading the O/S

The memory card is affectionately

referred to as NOOBS.

NOOBS is a way to make setting up a RaspberryPi for the first

time much, much easier. You won’t need network access, and

you won’t need to download any special imaging software.

Insert the microSD card in the memory slot

underneath the board. Plug your power

cord into the port next to the HDMI video

port. When you boot up for the first time,

you’ll see a menu prompting you to install

one of several operating systems into

the free space on the card. The choice

means you can boot the Pi with a regular

operating system like Raspbian, or with a

media-center specific OS like RaspBMC.

Once you’ve selected the O/S you’d like

(see the O/S section for more information),

make sure you check the dialogue box

at the bottom of the page for the proper

language that you prefer. The installer will

build the O/S that you selected (a good

time for a sandwich or a cup of coffee).

Once you’ve installed an operating system,

your Pi will boot as normal. However,

NOOBS stays resident on your card, by

holding Shift down during boot you can

return to the recovery interface. This allows

you to switch to a different operating

system, or overwrite a corrupted card with

a fresh install of the current one; it also

provides a handy tool to let you edit the

config.txt configuration file for the currently

installed operating system, and even a

web browser so you can visit the forums

or Google for pointers if you get stuck.

Once the installation is complete your Pi will

restart and a bunch of strange looking text

will appear on your screen. If you are new to

Linux this might take you back to the “DOS”

days. Not to fear this is called the “command

line” You will see at the bottom of the page

the last line reads – raspberrypi login:

Next you will need this information.

Thedefault username and password are:

Username: pi

Password: raspberry

When you hit the enter key you

will see the following line

Pi@raspberrypi ~ $

Type the following to launch the desktop:

startx

Congratulations! You now have started

up your Pi! Now go explore.

■

The microSD card

slot is located on

the underside of the

Raspberry Pi board.

Raspberry Pi User Guide.indd 7 08/07/2014 14:44

Raspbian

For the majority of people who use it, Raspbian

will be the graphical face of the Raspberry Pi.

It can be obtained and installed on to an SD card by

following the instructions on the previous page.

Once it’s up and running, it’s a good

idea to grab the latest versions of all the

software by connecting your Pi to the

internet, opening a terminal and running:

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get upgrade

The killer feature of Raspbian is the

raspi-config

program. This will start

automatically the first time you boot,

or can be run at any time by typing

sudo raspi-config in a terminal.

It has got quite a few options,

but the most important are:

■

expand_rootfs Because of the way

Raspbian is installed, it will only create

a 2GB filesystem, so if you have a

larger card, any remaining space

will remain unused. You can use this

option to expand the filesystem to take

advantage of any wasted space.

■

memory_split The Raspberry Pi uses

the same chunk of memory for both

the main processor and the graphics

chip. Using this option, you can change

the amount allocated to each.

■

overscan This option can be used on

some displays to make the graphics

expand to fill the whole screen. You can

safely ignore it unless you have problems.

■

overclock Get an extra 50 per cent

performance at no extra cost! See

‘Overclocking’ for more details.

■

boot_behaviour This rather

cryptically named option changes

whether your Pi boots into a graphical

environment or a text one.

The installed software has been kept

to a minimum. This is a good idea, but

you may find that tools you use on other

desktop distros aren’t there. Fortunately,

as Raspbian is linked to the Debian Armhf

repositories, you have access to more

software than you’re ever likely to need. If

you like using a mouse, you may want to

install a graphical package manager. We

recommend

Synaptic

. To install it, type:

sudo apt-get install synaptic

in a terminal. It can then be opened by

going to the

‘LXDE menu > Preferences

> Synaptic Package Manager’.

You can

then install any software you want.

■

Like all good

distros, Raspbian

comes with a

selection of addictive

time-wasters. This

is Squirrels from the

Pygames selection.

Raspberry Pi User Guide.indd 8 08/07/2014 14:44

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