".NET内存优化宝典：深入学习必备的CLR via C#知识"

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# .NET内存宝典《.NET内存宝典》是一本为学习.NET开发者所热血推荐的必备学习工具。它深入探讨了.NET开发中的内存管理、性能优化和调试技巧，为开发者提供了丰富的知识和实用的技能，让他们能够更加高效地进行.NET开发工作。本书在内容上与《CLR via C#》有所不同，它更加专注于.NET内存管理的方方面面。无论是初学者还是有一定开发经验的开发者，都能够从本书中获得实实在在的帮助，使他们能够更好地掌握.NET开发中的内存管理技巧。首先，本书通过对.NET内存管理的基本原理和机制进行深入讲解，为读者打下了扎实的理论基础。它系统地介绍了.NET中的垃圾回收机制、堆栈内存管理、对象的生命周期以及内存泄漏等内容，使读者能够全面了解.NET内存管理的工作原理。其次，本书介绍了.NET中的性能优化技巧和调试技术，帮助读者解决开发中常见的性能瓶颈和内存泄漏问题。通过实际案例和详细的分析，读者可以学习到如何使用.NET性能优化工具和调试工具，从而提高自己的开发效率和代码质量。除此之外，本书还涵盖了一些高级主题，如内存分析工具的使用、大型项目的内存管理实践、多线程环境下的内存管理等内容。这些内容不仅拓展了读者的知识面，也对他们的实际工作和项目开发有着重要的指导意义。总的来说，《.NET内存宝典》是一本内容丰富、实用性强的书籍，它不仅可以帮助读者掌握.NET内存管理的核心概念和技术，还可以帮助他们解决实际的开发问题，提升自己的技术水平和职业能力。通过阅读本书，读者不仅能够了解.NET内存管理的工作原理和实现机制，还可以学习到如何利用.NET性能优化工具和调试工具来提高代码的性能和质量。在日常的项目开发中，他们也可以借鉴本书中的实际案例和经验，更好地解决内存管理和性能优化方面的问题。总之，《.NET内存宝典》是一本对.NET开发者来说非常有价值的书籍，它将成为他们学习和工作中的得力助手，帮助他们更好地应对.NET开发中的各种挑战，更好地实现自己的职业目标。

xvii

About the Author

KonradKokosais an experienced software designer and developer with a specific interest

in Microsoft technologies, while looking with curiosity at everything else. He has been

programming for over a dozen years, solving performance problems and architectural

puzzles in the .NET world, and designing and speeding up .NET applications. He is

an independent consultant, blogger at http://tooslowexception.com, meetup and

conference speaker, and fan of Twitter (@konradkokosa). He also shares his passion as

a trainer in the area of .NET, especially regarding application performance, coding good

practices, and diagnostics. He is the founder of the Warsaw Web Performance group.

He is a Microsoft MVP in the Visual Studio and Development Tools category. He is the

co-founder of the Dotnetos.org initiative of three .NET fans organizing tours and

conferences about .NET performance.

xxi

Acknowledgments

First of all, I would like to thank my wife very, very much. Without her support this book

would never have been created. Starting to work on this book, I did not imagine how

much time not spent together we would have to sacrifice while writing it. Thank you for

all the patience, support, and encouragement you have given to me during this time!

Secondly, I would like to thank Maoni Stephens for such extensive, accurate, and

invaluable remarks when reviewing the first versions of this book. Without a shadow of a

doubt I can say that thanks to her, this book is better. And the fact that the lead .NET GC

developer helped me in writing this book is for me a reward in itself! Many thanks go also

to other .NET team members that helped in reviewing some parts of the book, organized

also with great help from Maoni (ordered by the amount of work they contributed):

Stephen Toub, Jared Parsons, Lee Culver, Josh Free, and Omar Tawfik. I would like also to

thank Mark Probst from Xamarin; he reviewed notes about Mono runtime. And special

thanks go to Patrick Dussud, “the father of .NET GC,” for taking time to review the history

of CLR creation.

Thirdly, I would like to thank Damien Foggon, technical reviewer from Apress, who

put so much work into a meticulous review of all chapters. His experience in publishing

and writing was invaluable to make this book clearer and more consistent. Not once or

twice, I was surprised by the accuracy of Damian’s comments and suggestions!

I would obviously like to thank everyone at Apress, without whom this book

wouldn’t have been published in the first place. Special thanks go to Laura Berendson

(Development Editor), Nancy Chen (Coordinating Editor), and Joan Murray (Senior

Editor) for all the support and patience in extending the deadline again and again. I

know there was a time when the date of delivery of the final version was taboo between

us! I would also like to thank Gwenan Spearing, with whom I started working on the

book, but I did not manage to finish it before she left the Apress team.

I would like to thank a great .NET community in Poland and all around the world, for

inspirations from so many great presentations given, articles and posts written by you,

for all encouragement and support, and for endless questions about “how a book goes?”

Such thanks especially go to (alphabetically): Maciej Aniserowicz, Arkadiusz Benedykt,

Sebastian Gębski, Michał Grzegorzewski, Jakub Gutkowski, Paweł Klimczyk,

xxii

Szymon Kulec, Paweł Łukasik, Alicja Musiał, Łukasz Olbromski, Łukasz Pyrzyk, Bartek

Sokół, Sebastian Solnica, Paweł Sroczyński, Jarek Stadnicki, Piotr Stapp, Michał Śliwoń,

Szymon Warda, and Artur Wincenciak, all MVP guys (Azure guys, looking at you!), and

many more; and I sincerely apologize for those omitted, big thank you to everyone who

feels like receiving such thanks. It is simply not possible to list all of you here. You’ve

inspired me and encouraged me.

I’d like to thank all experienced writers that found time to give me advice about

book writing, including Ted Neward (http://blogs.tedneward.com/) and Jon Skeet

(https://codeblog.jonskeet.uk)- although I bet they do not remember those

conversations! Andrzej Krzywda (http://andrzejonsoftware.blogspot.com) and

Gynvael Coldwind (https://gynvael.coldwind.pl) also gave me a lot of very valuable

advices on writing and publishing a book.

Next, I’d like to thank all the great tools and libraries creators that I’ve used during this

book writing: Andrey Shchekin, a creator of SharpLab (https://sharplab.io); Andrey

Akinshin, a creator of BenchmarkDotNet (https://benchmarkdotnet.org); and Adam

Sitnik, the main maintainer of it; Sergey Teplyakov, a creator of ObjectLayoutInspector

(https://github.com/SergeyTeplyakov/ObjectLayoutInspector); 0xd4d, an

anonymous creator of dnSpy (https://github.com/0xd4d/dnSpy); Sasha Goldshtein,

creator of many useful auxiliary tools (https://github.com/goldshtn); and creators of

such great tools like PerfView and WinDbg (and all its .NET-related extensions).

I’d also like to thank my former employee, Bank Millennium, who helped and

supported me in starting to write this book. Our path has parted, but I will always

remember that it was there that my writing, blogging, and speaking adventure began.

Many thanks go also collectively to my former colleagues from there, for the same

amount of encouragement and motivation by the “how a book goes?” question.

I’d like to thank all anonymous Twitter users that answered my book-related surveys,

giving me directions about what is- and what is not- interesting, useful, and valuable for

our .NET family.

And the last, but not least, I would collectively thank all my family and friends that

missed me during my work on this book.

aCknowledgmenTs

xxiii

Foreword

When I joined the Common Language Runtime (the runtime for .NET) team more than

a decade ago, little did I know this component called the Garbage Collector was going to

become something I would spend most of my waking moments thinking about later in

my life. Among the first few people I worked with on the team was Patrick Dussud, who

had been both the architect and dev for the CLR GC since its inception. After observing

my work for months, he passed the torch, and I became the second dedicated GC dev

for CLR.

And so my GC journey began. I soon discovered how fascinating the world of

garbage collection was- I was amazed by the complex and extensive challenges in a GC

and loved coming up with efficient solutions for them. As the CLR was used in more

scenarios by more users, and memory being one of the most important performance

aspects, new challenges in the memory management space kept coming up. When I

first started, it was not common to see a GC heap that was even 200mb; today a 20GB

heap is not uncommon at all. Some of the largest workloads in the world are running on

CLR.How to handle memory better for them is no doubt an exciting problem.

In 2015 we open sourced CoreCLR.When this was announced, the community asked

whether the GC source would be excluded in the CoreCLR repo- a fair question as our

GC included many innovative mechanisms and policies. The answer was a resounding

no, and it was the same GC code we used in CLR.This clearly attracted some curious

minds. A year later I was delighted to learn that one of our customers was planning to

write a book specifically about our GC.When a technology evangelist from our Polish

office asked me if I would be available to review Konrad’s book, of course I said yes!

As I received chapters from Konrad, it was clear to me that he studied our GC code

with great diligence. I was very impressed with the amount of detail covered. Sure, you

can build CoreCLR and step through the GC code yourself. But this book will definitely

make that easier for you. And since an important class of readers of this book is GC users,

Konrad included a lot of material to better understand the GC behavior and coding

patterns to use the GC more efficiently. There is also fundamental information on memory

at the beginning of the book and discussions of memory usage in various libraries toward

the end. I thought it was a perfect balance of GC introduction, internals, and usage.

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