DMR协议深度解析：空中接口技术详述

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本文档是关于欧洲电信标准化协会(ETSI)发布的标准ETSI TS 102 361-1 V2.4.1，标题为“DMR协议文档part1：空中接口协议”（Digital Mobile Radio, DMR Systems）。该标准关注的是数字集群移动通信系统(Digital Mobile Radio Systems)的空中接口(Air Interface, AI)协议，适用于电磁兼容性(EMC)和无线电频谱管理(RSM)领域，特别是针对专业移动通信(PMR)场景。主要内容包括： 1. **背景与引用**：文档引用了RTS/ERM-TGDMR-326，这可能是关于DMR技术的特定工作组或任务组的参考资料，用于指导技术规范的制定和更新。 2. **关键词**：关键词为“digital”和“PMR”，强调了文档的核心技术是基于数字技术的公众移动通信系统，其目标用户群体是专业用户，如公共安全、应急服务等。 3. **发布信息**： ETSI是一个非营利协会，位于法国索菲亚-安蒂波利斯，文档可以从其官方网站下载，但任何电子或纸质版本的修改都需获得ETSI的书面授权。官方版本为PDF格式，存储在ETSI秘书处的特定网络驱动器上，确保了信息的权威性和一致性。 4. **重要声明**：用户需要注意的是，任何版本的差异都应以官方发布的PDF版本为准，以避免因信息不一致可能带来的问题。这份文档详细描述了DMR空中接口协议的各个方面，包括但不限于信道结构、数据传输、调制解调技术、安全性措施、功率控制和频率规划等，旨在确保通信系统的高效、可靠和兼容性。它对无线通信工程师、系统设计者以及政策制定者来说是一份重要的参考资源，帮助他们理解和实施符合ETSI标准的DMR通信系统。理解并遵循这些规定对于在DMR网络的部署、优化和维护过程中至关重要。

ETSI

ETSI TS 102 361

1 V2.4.1 (2016

02)

SAP Service Access Point

NOTE: Where a network provides a service.

SAPID SAP Identifier

SARQ Selective Automatic Repeat reQuest

SB Single Burst

SDL Specification and Description Language

SF Supplementary Flag

SFID Standards FID

SLCO Short Link Control Opcode

SMS Short Message Service

SP Source Port

SYNC SYNChronization

T_xxxx Layer 2 timer

NOTE: As defined in clause F.1.

TACT TDMA Access Channel Type

TC TDMA Channel

TCP Transmission Control Protocol

TDD Time Division Duplex

TDMA Time Division Multiple Access

Trellis_Dibit output Dibit from Trellis code

TX Transmitted bit

UAB UDT Appended Blocks

UTF Unicode Transformation Format

UDP User Datagram Protocol

UDT Unified Data Transport

UDTO UDT Opcode

U-plane User plane

VF Vocoder Frame

VI (receiver) Variable Indicator

V_Sync TDMA Voice burst Sync

VS Vocoder Socket bit

WU Wake Up

4 Overview

4.0 Overview introduction

The present document describes a Digital Mobile Radio (DMR) system for Tier I, Tier II and Tier III products which

employs a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) technology with a 2-slot TDMA solution and RF carrier bandwidth

of 12,5 kHz (see note 1).

NOTE 1: DMR system for Tier I products employs a continuous transmission variation of the above mentioned

technology.

The present document describes the Physical Layer (PL) and the Data Link Layer (DLL) of the DMR Air Interface

(AI). Radio equipments (fixed, mobile or portable) which conform to the present document shall be interoperable at the

Air Interface with equipment from other manufacturers.

Slot formats, field definitions, and timing are defined for voice traffic, data traffic, and control signalling. An overview

of the TDMA timing is provided followed by the basic slot formats and bit definitions. This is followed by definitions

of the payload and control fields. Finally, the details of the modulation and timing constraints are specified.

ETSI

ETSI TS 102 361

1 V2.4.1 (2016

)

The present document will not provide the specification or operational detail for system implementations which include

but are not limited to trunking, roaming, network management, vocoder, security, data, subsystems interfaces and data

between private and public switched telephone networks. It describes only the appropriate access requirements

compatible with the Air Interface.

NOTE 2: The DMR standard consists of a multi-part deliverable, which will be referred to in the present document

if needed.

4.1 Protocol architecture

4.1.0 Protocol architecture - Introduction

The purpose of this clause is to provide a model where the different functions and processes are identified and allocated

to different layers in the DMR protocol stack.

The protocol stack in this clause and all other related clauses describe and specify the interfaces, but these stacks do not

imply or restrict any implementation.

The DMR protocol architecture which is defined herein follows the generic layered structure, which is accepted for

reference description and specification of layered communication architectures.

The DMR standard defines the protocols for the following 3 layered model as shown in figure 4.1.

The base of the protocol stack is the Physical Layer (PL) which is the layer 1.

The Data Link Layer (DLL), which is the layer 2, shall handle sharing of the medium by a number of users. At the

DLL, the protocol stack shall be divided vertically into two parts, the User plane (U-plane), for transporting information

without addressing capability (e.g. voice), and the Control plane (C-plane) for signalling information, both control and

data, with addressing capability, as illustrated by figure 4.1.

NOTE 1: It is appropriate to bear in mind the different requirements of C-plane and U-plane information. C-plane

information needs only a discrete (or non-continuous) physical link to pass information although it needs

a continuous virtual link to support the service. This may also be called signalling or packet mode service.

Acknowledgements may or may not be requested. U-plane information, on the other hand, requires a

regular physical link to be available so that a constant delay service can be supported. This may also be

called circuit mode service.

NOTE 2: The DLL identified in figure 4.1 may be further sub-divided in the air interface protocol to separate the

functionality of Medium Access Control (MAC) and Logical Link Control (LLC), which is often

performed in radio air interface protocols due to the specialized nature of these two tasks. Such separation

is not presented in the present document and is implementation specific. It is further implementation

specific if layer 2 at U-plane offers only MAC for the service.

The Call Control Layer (CCL), which is layer 3, lies in the C-plane and is responsible for control of the call (addressing,

facilities, etc.), provides the services supported by DMR, and supports Short Data and Packet Data service. U-plane

access at layer 2 (DLL) supports voice service which is available in DMR. The Control Layer and the facilities and

services offered by DMR are described in ETSI TS 102 361-2 [5]. The Short Data and Packet Data Protocol offered by

DMR are described in ETSI TS 102 361-3 [12].

ETSI

ETSI TS 102 361

1 V2.4.1 (2016

02)

4.1.2 Air Interface Data Link Layer (layer 2)

The Air Interface layer 2 shall handle logical connections and shall hide the physical medium from the upper layers.

The Data Link Layer is described in clauses 5 to 9.

The main functions are as follows:

• channel coding (FEC, CRC);

• interleaving, de-interleaving and bit ordering;

• acknowledgement and retry mechanism;

• media access control and channel management;

• framing, superframe building and synchronization;

• burst and parameter definition;

• link addressing (source and/or destination);

• interfacing of voice applications (vocoder data) with the PL;

• data bearer services;

• exchanging signalling and/or user data with the CCL.

4.1.3 Air Interface Call Control Layer (CCL) (layer 3)

Air Interface layer 3 (CCL) is applicable only to the C-plane, and shall be an entity for the services and facilities

supported by DMR on top of the layer 2 functionality. The Call Control Layer (CCL) is described in ETSI

TS 102 361-2 [5] and may have embedded intrinsic services associated to it.

The CCL provides the following functions:

• BS activation / deactivation;

• establishing, maintaining and terminating of calls;

• individual or group call transmission and reception;

• destination addressing (DMR IDs or gateway as appropriate);

• support of intrinsic services (emergency signalling, pre-emption, late entry, etc.);

• data call control;

• announcement signalling.

4.2 DMR TDMA structure

4.2.1 Overview of burst and channel structure

The described solution is based on a 2-slot TDMA structure.

The physical resource available to the radio system is an allocation of the radio spectrum. The radio spectrum allocation

shall be partitioned into Radio Frequency (RF) carriers with each RF carrier partitioned in time into frames and

timeslots.

A DMR burst is a period of RF carrier that is modulated by a data stream. A burst therefore represents the physical

channel of a timeslot. The physical channel of a DMR subsystem is required to support the logical channels.

ETSI

ETSI TS 102 361

1 V2.4.1 (2016

02)

A logical channel is defined as a logical communication pathway between two or more parties. The logical channels

represent the interface between the protocol and the radio subsystem. The logical channels may be separated into two

categories:

• the traffic channels carrying speech or data information; and

• control channels carrying signalling.

A generalized timing diagram of exchanges between the MS and the BS is shown in figure 4.2 where the slots for the

two TDMA physical channels are labelled channel "1" and "2". Inbound transmission is labelled "MS TX" and

outbound transmission is labelled "BS TX". Figure 4.2 is intended to illustrate a number of signalling features and

timing relationships and does not represent a particular scenario.

NOTE: The example timing in figure 4.2 applies to a two frequency BS.

Figure 4.2: TDMA timing overview

Key points illustrated by the figure 4.2 include:

• While the BS is actively transmitting, the outbound channel is continuously transmitted, even if there is no

information to send. Transmission on the inbound channel is stopped when an MS has no information to

transmit.

• The inbound channel has an unused guard time between bursts to allow Power Amplifier (PA) ramping and

propagation delay.

• The outbound channel has a Common Announcement Channel (CACH) between bursts for traffic channel

management (framing and access) as well as low speed signalling.

• Bursts have either a synchronization pattern or an embedded signalling field located in the centre of the burst.

Placing the embedded signalling in the middle of a burst allows time for a transmitting MS to optionally

transition to the outbound channel and recover Reverse Channel (RC) information.

Other key points, summarized below but not limited to, are as follows:

• The centre of the inbound and outbound bursts shall be time aligned.

• The channel 1 and 2 bursts in the inbound channel are offset 30 ms in time from the channel 1 and 2 bursts in

the outbound channel. This number scheme allows a single channel identifier field in the outbound CACH to

use the same channel number when referring to the inbound and outbound channels.

• Different SYNC patterns are used in voice bursts and data bursts to allow the receiver to differentiate between

them. Different SYNC patterns are used for inbound and outbound channels to help the receiver reject

co-channel interference.

11111122222212

11111122222221

MS TX

BS TX

Time

TDMA burst

(30 ms)

TDMA frame

(60 ms)

Guard time

CACH SYNC or

embedded signalling

111111222222121111112222221211111122222212

111111222222211111112222222111111122222221

MS TX

BS TX

TimeTime

TDMA burst

(30 ms)

TDMA frame

(60 ms)

Guard timeGuard time

CACHCACH SYNC or

embedded signalling

SYNC or

embedded signalling

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DMR协议深度解析：空中接口技术详述

dmr标准协议

DMR标准协议中文版

DMR协议PART-1：空中接口.pdf

在数字对讲机通信中，DMR空中接口协议有哪些关键作用和特点？

DMR空中接口协议在数字对讲机通信中扮演了什么角色？它的关键技术特点有哪些？

请解释DMR空中接口协议在数字对讲机通信中的作用及其关键技术特点。

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