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手机电磁场对孕期大鼠后代操作行为无影响
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更新于2024-08-07
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"这篇学术论文探讨了产前暴露于900MHz手机电磁场是否会对成年大鼠的操作行为表现产生影响。研究由Michael Bornhausen和Herbert Scheingraber进行,分别在德国的Institut für Toxikologie和Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik展开。 研究方法是通过在妊娠期间让Wistar大鼠持续暴露于低强度(0.1 mW/cm²)的900MHz、217Hz脉冲调制电磁场中,该电磁场模拟了全球系统移动通信(GSM)数字手机技术基站天线对普通人群的最大合法辐射暴露。研究人员测量了自由活动的怀孕大鼠全身平均比吸收率(SAR)值,范围在17.5至75 mW/kg之间。 实验的结果是,暴露于电磁场的母鼠后代和对照组母鼠的后代在成年后,被编码并进行了多组同时操作的测试箱(Skinner boxes)测试,这些测试在夜间进行。共测试了八组动物,以评估他们的操作行为性能。结果显示,成年大鼠的操作行为表现并未因产前暴露于900MHz手机电磁场而受到影响。 论文的结论是,这种特定频率和强度的电磁场暴露在孕期并未对成年大鼠的行为能力产生显著的负面影响,这为评估无线电频电磁场对发育中的大脑可能存在的健康风险提供了一定的科学依据。然而,这并不意味着在所有情况下或所有生物体上都不会有任何效应,因为生物体对电磁场的反应可能会因物种、年龄、暴露条件等多种因素而异。更多的研究仍然需要进行,以便更全面地理解电磁场对生物体可能产生的长期影响。"
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Bioelectromagnetics 21:566 ^574 (2000)
Prenatal Exposure to 90 0 MH z, Cell-Phone
Electromagnetic Fields Had No Effect on
Operant-Behavior Performances of Adult Rats
Michael Bornhausen
1
* and Herbert Scheingraber
2
1
Institut fÏr To xikologie, GSF-Forschungszentrum fÏr Um welt und Gesundheit,
Neuherberg , Germany
2
M ax-P lanck-Institut fÏr extraterrestri sche P hy s i k, Garch ing, Germ a ny
To clarify potential health risks of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) used in cellular
telephone technology to the developing brain, Wistar rats were continuously exposed during
pregnancy to a low-level (0.1 mW/cm
2
) 900 MHz, 217 Hz pulse modulated EMF that approximated
the highest legal exposure of normal populations to the radiation of base antennas of the GSM
digital cell-phone technology. Whole body average specific absorption rate (SAR) values for
the freely roaming, pregnant animals were measured in models; they ranged between 17.5 and
75 mW/kg. The offspring of exposed and of sham-exposed dams were coded and tested later as
adults in a battery of ten simultaneously operated test chambers (Skinner boxes) during night time.
Eight groups of ten coded animals in each group were tested for learning deficits in a sequence of
nine, computer-controlled, 15 h sessions of the food-reinforced contingency Differential
Reinforcement of Rate with increasing performance requirements. Two different sets of events
were recorded: The food-reinforced lever-pressing activity of the animals and the inter-response
intervals (IRIs) between consecutive lever presses. IRI-occurence patterns discriminated
consistently between ``learners'' and ``non-learners''. Analyses of performance scores and of
IRI-patterns both showed that exposure in-utero to the GSM field did not induce any measurable
cognitive deficits. Bioelectromagnetics 21:566±574, 2000.
ß 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Key words: risk; mobile phone; schedules of reinforcement; teratology
INTRODUCTION
There is increasing public concern (e.g., Berg-
quist and Vogel [1997]; Matthes et al. [1998])
regarding health hazards of exposure to electromag-
netic ®elds (EMFs). The radio-frequency (RF) electro-
magnetic radiation emitted by base antennas of the
European digital cellular phone technology confronts
the normal population legally with an EMF at an
energy ¯ux density of up to 0.1 mW/cm
2
. In a literature
summary, Bernhardt et al. [1997] note, ``...while there
are many reports in the scienti®c literature claiming
effects on biological systems from exposure to non-
thermal levels of radio-frequency ®elds, one of the
principal concerns is to determine if these exposures
produce any adverse health effects.'' There is convin-
cing evidence that biological systems can detect the
presence or gradients of very low level EMFs, but
scienti®c study, so far, has not established a deleterious
effect at nonthermal levels of RF radiation.
Our experiment was motivated by research needs
as de®ned by the World Health Organization (WHO),
to clarify potential health risks of EMFs presented by
cellular telephone technology [Repacholi, 1998]. We
note, too, the paucity of studies that have examined
cognitive function after prenatal exposure of mammals
to microwave ®elds [D'Andrea, 1999].
Appropriate end points for this study were deter-
mined by the following arguments:
Functional or behavioral changes in an organism
often occur prior to structural changes. Functional
changes in the central nervous system (CNS) are
among the earliest to become observable. Furthermore,
the sensitivity of CNS-functions to interfering agents
during development has been demonstrated many
times in animals and human beings [Weiss and Laties,
ß 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
ÐÐÐÐÐÐ
Contract grant sponsor: Deutsche Telekom AG; Contract grant
number: 4160/55102.
*Correspondence to: Dr. med. M. Bornhausen, See-Str. 36,
D-82211 Breitbrunn a.A. Germany. E-mail: michael.bornhausen@
t-online.de
Received 28 December 1998; Final revision received 21
December 1999
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