Oracle GoldenGate 数据复制和集成解决方案

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Expert Oracle GoldenGate Expert Oracle GoldenGate 是一本专业的技术书籍，专门讲解 Oracle GoldenGate 的安装、架构、基本复制、advanced features、高级复制、故障排除、灾难恢复、零停机时间迁移等方面的知识。本书共分为 14 章，涵盖了 Oracle GoldenGate 的方方面面。第 1 章：介绍 Oracle GoldenGate 的基本概念和历史发展，包括 Oracle Corporation 在 2009 年收购 GoldenGate 的背景和原因。第 2 章：安装 Oracle GoldenGate 的详细步骤，包括安装前的准备工作、安装过程和安装后的配置。第 3 章：Oracle GoldenGate 的架构设计，包括 Manager、Server、Extractor、Replicat 等组件的作用和交互机制。第 4 章：基本复制是 Oracle GoldenGate 的核心功能之一，本章将详细介绍基本复制的概念、原理和实现方法。第 5 章：高级特性是在基本复制的基础上实现的，包括数据转换、数据验证、数据加密等功能。第 6 章：异构复制是 Oracle GoldenGate 的一个重要特性，本章将介绍异构复制的概念、原理和实现方法。第 7 章：调优是 Oracle GoldenGate 的一个重要方面，本章将介绍调优的方法和技巧。第 8 章：监控 Oracle GoldenGate 是确保系统稳定运行的关键，本章将介绍监控的方法和工具。第 9 章：Oracle GoldenGate Veridata 是一个数据验证工具，本章将介绍 Veridata 的使用方法和应用场景。第 10 章：Golden Gate Director 是一个图形化管理工具，本章将介绍 Director 的使用方法和功能。第 11 章：故障排除是 Oracle GoldenGate 的一个重要方面，本章将介绍故障排除的方法和技巧。第 12 章：灾难恢复是 Oracle GoldenGate 的一个重要特性，本章将介绍灾难恢复的概念、原理和实现方法。第 13 章：零停机时间迁移是 Oracle GoldenGate 的一个重要特性，本章将介绍零停机时间迁移的概念、原理和实现方法。第 14 章：tips 和 tricks 是 Oracle GoldenGate 的一个经验分享章节，本章将介绍一些实用的经验和技巧。附录：附加技术资源为 Oracle GoldenGate 管理员提供了一些有用的技术资源。本书提供了 Oracle GoldenGate 的全方位知识，涵盖了安装、架构、基本复制、高级特性、异构复制、调优、监控、故障排除、灾难恢复、零停机时间迁移等方面的知识，是 Oracle GoldenGate 管理员和开发者的必备参考书籍。

CHAPTER 2 ■ INSTALLATION

Table 2-1. Windows Test Environment for Oracle 11g GoldenGate for Homogeneous Replication

Environment OS Database Software Function

WIN11SRC Windows

Oracle

11.2

Oracle 11g GoldenGate

v11.1.1.0

Source System

WIN11TRG Windows

Oracle

11.2

Oracle 11gGoldenGate

v11.1.1.0

Target System

-- Windows

-- Oracle GoldenGate

Director 11g

Oracle Goldengate Director

Server and Client

-- Windows

-- Oracle 11g GoldenGate

Veridata

We will also use examples from the Linux platform in this book so you can follow along with either

Windows, Linux, or both setups if you desire. Table 2-2 shows the test Linux configuration that will be

used.

Table 2-2. Oracle Linux Test Environment for Oracle 11g GoldenGate

Environment OS Database Software Function

OL11SRC Oracle

Linux 5

Oracle

11.2

Oracle 11g GoldenGate

v11.1.1.0

Source System

OL11TRG Oracle

Linux 5

Oracle

11.2

Oracle 11gGoldenGate

v11.1.1.0

Target System

Director Windows

-- Oracle GoldenGate

Director 11g

Oracle Goldengate Director

Server and Client

Veridata Wi ndows

-- Oracle 11g GoldenGate

Veridata

Table 2-3 shows the configuration that we’ll use in our upcoming chapter on heterogeneous

replication. The term “hetergenous” refers in this case to replication across database brands.

CHAPTER 2 ■ INSTALLATION

Installing Goldengate

Before you install the Oracle Goldengate software for Windows and Linux platforms, be sure to verify

that both the source and target Oracle database servers are online and available. This means that in

addition to checking to ensure that these Oracle instances and databases are online, you need to also

test network connectivity between both server hosts. If Goldengate cannot access the hosts via TCP/IP

network connection, the software will not function correctly. You can use the ping network utility to

check for network connectivity. In the event that a network timeout problem exists between the source

and target environments, you will need to work with your network administrator to address this issue

before installing the Oracle Goldengate software.

General System Requirements

The basic installation requirements using Oracle with Goldengate are standard across Windows, Linux,

and UNIX platforms in terms of supported Oracle database versions, memory requirements, disk space

allocation, network requirements, and operating-system support. We cover all of those areas in this

section.

Database Server Versions

The following Oracle database versions are supported for Oracle 11g Goldengate:

• Oracle 9iR2 (9.2)

• Oracle 10gR1/R2 (10.1/10.2)

• Oracle 11gR1/R2 (11.1/11.2)

As of Oracle Goldengate 11g, both DML and DDL replication are supported for the above Oracle

releases. Support for legacy versions of Oracle such as Oracle v7 and Oracle 8i is not provided. We

recommend that you upgrade your database to Oracle 11g if you plan to implement Goldengate with

your Oracle database environments.

Memory Requirements

At least between 25 and 55 Mb of RAM memory is required for each GoldenGate Replicat and Extract

process. Oracle Goldengate supports up to 300 concurrent processes for Extract and Replicat per

Goldengate instance.

As a rule of thumb, you will need to take into consideration that at least 1–2 Extract processes and

multiple Replicat processes will be required in addition to manager processes for a basic Oracle

Goldengate installation. The best way to assess total memory requirement is to run the GGSCI command

to view the current report file and to examine the PROCESS AVAIL VM FROM OS (min) to determine if

you have sufficient swap memory for your platform.

Next let’s consider the disk requirements to install Oracle Goldengate.

CHAPTER 2 ■ INSTALLATION

Disk Space Requirements

Following are some things you should do to ensure having enough disk space to support your

Goldengate replication needs:

• Allocate at least 50–150 MB of disk space for the Oracle GoldenGate software

binaries.

• Allocate 40 MB of disk space per instance of Goldengate for working directories

and files per server. For a basic configuration with Oracle Goldengate, you will

need to allocate 40 MB on the source and 40 MB on the target system for a total

requirement of 80 MB of disk space.

• Allocate sufficient disk space to temporary files to accommodate GoldenGate

operations. By default, Goldengate stores temporary files in the dirtmp directory

under the default installation directory. A good rule of thumb to use for temp file

space is around 10 GB of disk space.

• Plan on at least 10 MB per trail file. As a rule of thumb, we recommend that you

start with at least 1 GB of disk space allocated per system for trail files.

Alternatively, use the following formula that Oracle provides to determine the

amount of disk space to set aside:

[log volume in one hour] x [number of hours downtime] x 0.4 = trail disk

space.

One way to calculate the total amount required for trail file space is by querying

the V$ARCHIVED_LOG view from within the source Oracle database. The

following query shows you how to do so:

select trunc(COMPLETION_TIME),count(*)*100 size_in_MB

from v$archived_log

group by trunc(COMPLETION_TIME);

TRUNC(COM SIZE_IN_MB

--------- ----------

15-MAY-11 500

Run tests after installing Goldengate to measure your specific transaction mix and

load, and to gauge the total disk space required for trail files.

Network Requirements

Since Oracle Goldengate software operates between source and target systems over networks, you must

configure TCP/IP networking to accommodate all hosts within DNS to include host names that will be

included in the Oracle Goldengate infrastructure deployed. In the event of firewalls, hosts must be

allowed to send and receive data for open ports that the manager, Extract, and Replicat processes

require access to in order to send and receive data. This range of ports must be allocated for the

Goldengate environments.

Also allocate ports for Goldengate manager, Extract, and Replicat processes. By default, manager

uses port 7840. We recommend that you keep this port available. In addition, keep a record of ports

allocated to Goldengate processes to avoid port conflicts.

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Oracle GoldenGate 数据复制和集成解决方案

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