C#编程入门指南：从新手到专家

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Guide

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"The C# Players Guide (RB Whitaker, 2nd Edition, 2015)" 本书《C#玩家指南》（第二版）是针对初学者，无论你是编程新手还是经验丰富的老兵，学习C#的终极指南。作者RB Whitaker以轻松、信息丰富且有趣的方式，带领读者从入门到掌握最具挑战性的编程概念。本书更新至C# 6.0、.NET 4.6和Visual Studio 2015，确保读者接触到的是最新的技术。书中的内容包括： 1. 快速上手：简明易懂地介绍C#，引导读者逐步了解并创建第一个C#程序，同时熟悉Visual Studio的使用。 2. 基础编程概念：深入探讨变量、数学运算、条件判断、循环、方法以及C#类型系统，这些都是程序设计的基础。 3. 面向对象编程：全面讲解类、继承、多态、接口和泛型，这些都是C#中实现面向对象设计的关键。 4. 高级特性：探索C#的一些实用高级特性，如委托、事件、匿名函数和异步编程，这些都是解决复杂问题的重要工具。 5. .NET框架与调试：学习如何利用.NET框架进行开发，处理编译错误，并掌握调试技巧，帮助你在遇到问题时迅速定位并修复bug。 6. 实践应用：通过大量“Try It Out!”挑战，提升读者的实际操作技能，确保理论知识与实践相结合。这本书的目标是帮助读者快速成长为能用C#编写出强大程序的程序员，无论是为了拯救世界，还是为了创建自己的软件帝国。请注意，书中可能涉及的制造商和卖家的产品标识被视为商标，如果书中使用了这些标识，作者和出版商已尽力以首字母大写或全大写字母的形式表示对这些商标的尊重。同时，尽管作者和出版商在出版时尽力确保信息的准确性，但他们不承担因错误或遗漏导致的任何损失、损害或中断的责任。该书版权归RB Whitaker所有，未经作者书面许可，任何部分不得复制或以任何形式传播，除非为了引用而包含短段落。通过以上概述，我们可以看出《C#玩家指南》是一本全面覆盖C#编程基础知识到高级特性的实用教程，适合不同层次的读者阅读学习。

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3 Acknowledgements

The task of writing a book is like writing software. When you start, you’re sure it’s only going to take a

few weeks. It’ll be easy, you think. But as you start working, you start seeing that you’re going to need

to make changes, and lots of them. You need to rearrange entire chapters, add topics you hadn’t

even thought about, and you discover that there’s not even going to be a place in your book for that

chapter called Muppets of the Eastern Seaboard.

I couldn’t have ever finished this book without help. I’ll start by thanking Jack Wall, Sam Hulick, Clint

Mansell, and the others who wrote the music to the Mass Effect trilogy. (You think I’m joking, don’t

you?) I listened to their music nearly incessantly as I wrote this book. Because of them, every

moment of the creation of this book felt absolutely epic.

I need to also thank the many visitors to my XNA tutorials site, who provided feedback on the early

versions of this work. In particular, I want to thank Jonathan Loh, Thomas Allen, Daniel Bickler, and

Mete ÇOM, who went way above and beyond, spending hours of their own personal time, reading

through this book and provided detailed critique and corrections. With their help, this book is far

more useful and valuable.

I also need to thank my mom and dad. Their confidence in me and their encouragement to always

do the best I can has caused me to do things I never could have done without them.

Most of all, I want to thank my beautiful wife, who was there to lift my spirits when the weight of

writing a book became unbearable, who read through my book and gave honest, thoughtful, and

creative feedback and guidance, and who lovingly pressed me to keep going on this book, day after

day. Without her, this book would still be a random scattering of Word documents, buried in some

obscure folder on my computer, collecting green silicon-based mold.

To all of you, I owe you my sincerest gratitude.

-RB Whitaker

xviii Introduction

My goal is to provide you with the “dungeon map” to direct you as you begin delving into C#, while

still allowing you to mostly explore whatever you want, whenever you want.

I want to point out that this book is intentionally not called Everything you Need to Know about C#, or

The Comprehensive Guide to C#. (Note that if books with those titles actually exist, I’m not referring to

them specifically, but rather, to just the general idea of an all-encompassing book.) I’m here to tell

you, when you’re done with this book, you’ll still have lots to learn about C#.

But guess what? That’s going to happen with any book you use, including those all-encompassing

books. Programming languages are complex creations, and there are enough dark corners and

strange combinations that nobody can learn everything there is to know about them. In fact, I’ve

even seen the people who designed the C# language say they just learned something new about it!

For as long as you use C#, you’ll constantly be learning new things about it, and that’s actually one of

the things that makes programming interesting.

I’ve tried to cover a lot of ground in this book, and with roughly 350 pages, anyone would expect that

to be quite a bit. And it is. But there are plenty of other books out there that are 800 or even 1200

pages long. A book so heavy, you’ll need a packing mule to carry it anywhere. That, or permanently

place it on the central dais of an ancient library, with a single beam of dusty light shining in on it

through a hole in the marble ceiling. Instead of all that, the goal of this book is effectiveness and

clarity, not comprehensiveness. Something that will fit both on your shelf and in your brain.

It is important to point out that this book is focused on the C# programming language, rather than

libraries for building certain specific application types. So while you can build desktop applications,

web pages, and computer games with C#, we won’t be discussing WPF, ASP.NET, DirectX, or any

other platform- or framework-specific code. Instead, we’ll focus on core C# code, without bogging

you down with those additional libraries at first. Once you’ve got the hang of C#, heading into one of

those areas will be much easier.

How This Book is Organized

This book is divided into six parts. Part 1 describes what you need to get going. You’ll learn how to

get set up with the free software that you need to write code and make your first C# program.

Part 2 describes the basics of procedural programming—how to tell the computer, step-by-step,

what to do to accomplish tasks. It covers things like how information is stored (in variables), how to

make decisions, loop over things repeatedly, and put blocks of code that accomplish specific tasks

into a reusable chunk called a method. It also introduces the type system of the C# language, which

is one of the key pieces of C# programming.

Part 3 goes into object-oriented programming, introducing it from the ground up, but also getting

into a lot of the details that make it so powerful. Chapter 18, in my opinion, is the critical point of the

book. It is where we get into the details of making your own classes, which is the most powerful way

C# provides for building your own data types. Everything before this point is giving us the building

blocks that we need to understand and make classes. Everything that we do after is simply providing

us with more ways to use these custom-made types or showing how to use other classes that have

been made by others.

Part 4 covers some common programming tasks, as well as covering some of the more advanced

features of C#. For the most part, these topics are independent of each other, and once you’ve made

it past that critical point in Chapter 18, you should be able to do these at any time you want.

How This Book is Organized xix

Part 5 changes gears, and covers more details about Visual Studio, which you use to create

programs in C#, additional information about the .NET Framework, and some tools, tricks, and

information you can use as you program.

Finally, Part 6 wraps up the book with some larger scale programs for you to try making, a chapter

on where to go next as you continue to learn C#, and a glossary of words that are defined

throughout the book, which you can use as a reference when you run across a word or phrase that

you are unfamiliar with or have forgotten about.

Try It Out!

Scattered throughout the book are a variety of sections labeled Try It Out! These sections give you

simple challenge problems and quizzes that give you a chance to play around with the new concepts

in the chapter and test your understanding. If this were a class, these would be the homework.

The purpose of these Try It Out! sections is to help you get some real world practice with the new

information. You can’t learn to drive a car by reading the owner’s manual, and you can’t learn to

program without writing any code.

I strongly encourage you to spend at least few minutes doing each of these challenges to help you

understand what you’re reading and to help you be sure that you’ve learned what you needed to.

If you have something else you want to explore with the new concepts instead of the challenges I’ve

provided, all the better. The only thing better than playing around with this stuff is doing something

with it that you have a personal interest in. If you want to explore a different direction, go for it!

At the end of the book, in Chapter 46, I have an entire chapter full of larger, tougher challenge

problems for you to try out. These problems involve combining concepts from many chapters

together into one program. Going through some or all of these as you’re finishing up will be a great

way to make sure you’ve learned the most important things you needed to.

The most important thing to remember about these Try It Out! sections is that the answers are all

online. If you get stuck, or just want to compare your solution to someone else’s, you can see mine

at starboundsoftware.com/books/c-sharp/try-it-out/. I should point out that just because your

solution is different from mine (or anyone else’s) doesn’t necessarily mean it is wrong. That’s one of

the best parts about programming—there’s always more than one way to do something.

In a Nutshell

At the beginning of each chapter, I summarize what it contains. These sections are designed to do

the following:

 Summarize the chapter to come.

 Show enough of the chapter so that an experienced programmer can know if they already

know enough to skip the chapter or if they need to study it in depth.

 Review the chapter enough to ensure that you got what you needed to from the chapter. For

instance, imagine you’re about to take a test on C#. You can jump from chapter to chapter,

reading the In a Nutshell sections, and anything it describes that you didn’t already know, you

can then go into the chapter and review it.

In Depth

On occasion, there are a few topics that are not critical to your understand of C#, but they are an

interesting topic that is related to the things you’re learning. You’ll find this information pulled out

www.allitebooks.com

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