Docker实践指南:从入门到精通

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"docker_practice.pdf 是一个关于Docker实践的研究方案,涵盖了Docker的基本概念、安装、使用、镜像管理、容器操作、仓库、网络配置以及数据管理等多个方面。" 在Docker的世界里,Docker是一种轻量级的虚拟化技术,它允许开发者将应用程序及其依赖打包成可移植的容器,从而实现跨平台的无缝部署。这份文档首先介绍了Docker的基本概念,包括核心元素——镜像(Image)和容器(Container)。镜像是创建容器的基础,类似于传统的VM模板,而容器则是镜像的运行实例,具有轻便和隔离的特点。 为什么要使用Docker呢?主要原因是它能提供一致的运行环境,解决“在我的机器上能运行”(It works on my machine)的问题,同时提高了部署效率,减少了资源消耗。 接着,文档详细讲解了在不同操作系统(如Ubuntu、Debian、CentOS和macOS)上安装Docker的步骤,并提到了镜像加速器的设置,这对于在中国的用户尤其重要,因为这样可以提高下载镜像的速度。 使用Docker的过程中,获取和管理镜像是关键。你可以通过`docker pull`命令获取镜像,`docker images`列出本地镜像,而通过`docker commit`可以理解镜像的构建过程。此外,通过编写Dockerfile,你可以自定义镜像,Dockerfile中包含了一系列指令,如`COPY`和`ADD`用于复制文件,`CMD`和`ENTRYPOINT`定义容器启动命令,`ENV`设置环境变量,`ARG`设置构建参数等。 在容器操作部分,涵盖了启动、守护态运行、停止、进入容器、导出和导入以及删除容器等基础操作。容器间的通信也是重要一环,可以通过`EXPOSE`暴露端口,`WORKDIR`指定工作目录,`USER`设定运行用户,`HEALTHCHECK`进行健康检查,以及`VOLUME`定义匿名卷来管理和优化容器。 Docker的仓库(Repository)是存储和分享镜像的地方,如公共的DockerHub和私有的仓库。配置文件的管理、数据卷(Volume)的使用确保了数据的持久化和安全,同时支持数据卷容器、备份和迁移。 网络配置章节介绍了如何让容器对外提供服务,容器间互相连接,以及如何进行高级网络配置。`docker network`命令用于创建和管理网络,使容器间通信更为灵活。 这份Docker实践手册提供了一套全面的学习路径,无论是初学者还是有经验的开发者,都能从中受益,提升对Docker的掌握和应用能力。
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In September 2013, while browsing Hacker News, I stumbled across an article in Wired about a new technology called “Docker.” 1 As I read it, I became increasingly excited as I realized Docker’s revolutionary potential. The company I’d worked at for over a decade was struggling to deliver software quickly enough. Provisioning environments was a costly, time-consuming, manual, and inelegant affair. Continuous integration was barely existent, and setting up devel- opment environments was an exercise in patience. As my job title included the words “DevOps Manager,” I was peculiarly motivated to solve these problems! I recruited a couple of motivated coworkers (one of them now my coauthor) via a company mailing list, and together our skunkworks team labored to turn a beta tool into a business advantage, reducing the high costs of VM s and enabling new ways of thinking about building and deploying software. We even built and open sourced an automation tool (ShutIt) to suit our organization’s delivery needs. Docker gave us a packaged and maintained tool that solved many problems that would have been effectively insuperable had we taken it upon ourselves to solve them. This was open source at its best, empowering us to take on a challenge using our spare time, overcoming technical debt, and learning lessons daily. Lessons not only about Docker, but about continuous integration, continuous delivery, packaging, automa- tion, and how people respond to speedy and disruptive technological change. 1 http://www.wired.com/2013/09/docker/ PREFACE xviii For us, Docker is a remarkably broad tool. Wherever you run software using Linux, Docker can impact it. This makes writing a book on the subject challenging, because the landscape is as broad as software itself. The task is made more onerous by the extraordinary rate at which the Docker ecosystem is producing solutions to meet the needs that emerge from such a fundamental change in software production. Over time, the shape of problems and solutions became familiar to us, and in this book we’ve endeavored to pass on this experience. This will enable you to figure out solu- tions to your particular technical and business constraints. When giving talks at meetups, we’re struck by how quickly Docker has become effective within organizations willing to embrace it. This book mirrors how we used Docker, going from our desktops, through the DevOps pipeline, and all the way to production. As a consequence, this book is sometimes unorthodox, but as engineers we believe that purity must sometimes give way to practicality, especially when it comes to saving money! Everything in this book is based on real lessons from the field, and we hope you benefit from our hard-won experience.