精通Java EE 6：Oracle官方教程解析

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"Java Tutorial 6 是一份关于Java EE 6开发的全面指南，由Oracle公司官方提供。这份教程旨在帮助初学者至熟练者掌握Java平台企业版的开发技术，并包含文档和示例代码。教程内容涵盖版权和许可信息，其中示例代码遵循Berkeley许可证。用户仅可将教程用于学习和了解Java EE平台，未经许可不得进行复制、修改或分发。" 在Java EE 6教程中，开发者可以学习到一系列关键知识点： 1. **基础概念**：首先，你会了解到Java EE平台的核心概念，包括它为何被设计出来以及如何作为一个服务导向架构支持企业级应用程序的开发。 2. **组件模型**：Java EE 6引入了更轻量级的组件模型，如JavaServer Faces (JSF) 2.0，它简化了Web用户界面的构建。此外，还包括Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) 3.1，其降低了EJB的使用门槛，使得无状态和有状态会话bean的使用更加简单。 3. **依赖注入（DI）**：Java EE 6支持注解驱动的依赖注入，通过@EJB、@Inject和@ManagedBean等注解，开发者可以更容易地管理和组装应用程序的组件。 4. **持久化**：Java Persistence API (JPA) 2.0提供了对数据库对象关系映射（ORM）的支持，使得数据库操作更加便捷。 5. **Web服务**：教程会讲解如何使用Java API for RESTful Web Services (JAX-RS)创建RESTful服务，以及使用Java API for XML Web Services (JAX-WS)构建SOAP Web服务。 6. **事务管理**：Java EE 6提供了一种声明式事务管理方式，开发者可以通过注解来定义事务边界，例如@Transactional。 7. **调度和并发**：EJB 3.1中的定时器服务允许开发者安排任务执行，而并发API则帮助处理多线程环境下的复杂性。 8. **模块化和部署**：Java EE 6支持模块化的应用部署，例如war和ear文件格式，以及Web应用程序和企业应用程序的打包和部署。 9. **测试和调试**：教程还将介绍如何使用集成测试框架如Arquillian，以及如何利用Java EE的内置诊断工具进行问题排查。 10. **安全**：Java EE 6提供了多种安全机制，包括角色基的访问控制（RBAC）、容器管理的身份验证和授权，以及SSL/TLS支持。通过这份教程，开发者不仅能够深入理解Java EE 6的各个组件和它们的工作原理，还能学会如何实际运用这些技术来构建高效、可扩展的企业级应用。同时，示例代码的提供使学习过程更具实践性，帮助开发者快速上手。

The Contents of an Enterprise Bean ............................................................................................... 447

Packaging Enterprise Beans in EJB JAR Modules .................................................................. 447

Packaging Enterprise Beans in WAR Modules ...................................................................... 448

Naming Conventions for Enterprise Beans ................................................................................... 449

The Lifecycles of Enterprise Beans .................................................................................................. 450

The Lifecycle of a Stateful Session Bean .................................................................................. 450

The Lifecycle of a Stateless Session Bean ................................................................................. 451

The Lifecycle of a Singleton Session Bean ............................................................................... 451

The Lifecycle of a Message-Driven Bean ................................................................................. 452

Further Information about Enterprise Beans ................................................................................ 453

23 Getting Started with Enterprise Beans .......................................................................................... 455

Creating the Enterprise Bean ........................................................................................................... 455

Coding the Enterprise Bean Class ............................................................................................ 456

Creating the converter Web Client ........................................................................................ 456

Running the converter Example ............................................................................................ 457

Modifying the Java EE Application ................................................................................................. 458

▼ To Modify a Class File ................................................................................................................ 458

24 Running the Enterprise Bean Examples ........................................................................................ 461

The cart Example ............................................................................................................................. 461

The Business Interface ............................................................................................................... 462

Session Bean Class ..................................................................................................................... 463

The @Remove Method ................................................................................................................. 466

Helper Classes ............................................................................................................................. 466

Running the cart Example ....................................................................................................... 466

A Singleton Session Bean Example: counter ................................................................................. 468

Creating a Singleton Session Bean ........................................................................................... 468

The Architecture of the counter Example .............................................................................. 472

Running the counter Example ................................................................................................ 475

A Web Service Example: helloservice ......................................................................................... 476

The Web Service Endpoint Implementation Class ................................................................ 476

Stateless Session Bean Implementation Class ........................................................................ 477

Running the helloservice Example ...................................................................................... 477

Using the Timer Service .................................................................................................................... 479

Contents

The Java EE 6 Tutorial • January 201316

Creating Calendar-Based Timer Expressions ........................................................................ 479

Programmatic Timers ............................................................................................................... 482

Automatic Timers ...................................................................................................................... 483

Canceling and Saving Timers ................................................................................................... 484

Getting Timer Information ...................................................................................................... 485

Transactions and Timers .......................................................................................................... 485

The timersession Example ..................................................................................................... 485

Running the timersession Example ...................................................................................... 488

Handling Exceptions ......................................................................................................................... 489

25 A Message-Driven Bean Example ...................................................................................................491

Overview of the simplemessage Example ..................................................................................... 491

The simplemessage Application Client ......................................................................................... 492

The Message-Driven Bean Class ..................................................................................................... 493

The onMessage Method ............................................................................................................. 494

Running the simplemessage Example ........................................................................................... 495

Administered Objects for the simplemessage Example ....................................................... 495

▼ To Run the simplemessage Application Using NetBeans IDE ............................................ 496

▼ To Run the simplemessage Application Using Ant .............................................................. 496

Removing the Administered Objects for the simplemessage Example .............................. 497

26 Using the Embedded Enterprise Bean Container ........................................................................ 499

Overview of the Embedded Enterprise Bean Container ............................................................... 499

Developing Embeddable Enterprise Bean Applications ............................................................... 499

Running Embedded Applications ............................................................................................ 500

Creating the Enterprise Bean Container ................................................................................. 500

Looking Up Session Bean References ...................................................................................... 502

Shutting Down the Enterprise Bean Container ..................................................................... 502

The standalone Example Application ........................................................................................... 502

▼ To Run the standalone Example Application ....................................................................... 503

27 Using Asynchronous Method Invocation in Session Beans ....................................................... 505

Asynchronous Method Invocation ................................................................................................. 505

Creating an Asynchronous Business Method ......................................................................... 506

Contents

Calling Asynchronous Methods from Enterprise Bean Clients ........................................... 507

The async Example Application ...................................................................................................... 508

Architecture of the async Example Application .................................................................... 508

Running the async Example ..................................................................................................... 509

Part V Contexts and Dependency Injection for the Java EE Platform ...................................................513

28 Introduction to Contexts and Dependency Injection for the Java EE Platform .......................515

Overview of CDI ................................................................................................................................ 516

About Beans ....................................................................................................................................... 517

About CDI Managed Beans .............................................................................................................. 517

Beans as Injectable Objects ............................................................................................................... 518

Using Qualiers ................................................................................................................................. 519

Injecting Beans ................................................................................................................................... 520

Using Scopes ...................................................................................................................................... 520

Overriding the Scope of a Bean at the Point of Injection .............................................................. 522

Giving Beans EL Names .................................................................................................................... 522

Adding Setter and Getter Methods .................................................................................................. 523

Using a Managed Bean in a Facelets Page ....................................................................................... 524

Injecting Objects by Using Producer Methods .............................................................................. 524

Conguring a CDI Application ....................................................................................................... 525

Using the @PostConstruct and @PreDestroy Annotations With CDI Managed Bean

Classes ................................................................................................................................................. 525

▼ To Initialize a Managed Bean Using the @PostConstruct Annotation .............................. 525

▼ To Prepare for the Destruction of a Managed Bean Using the @PreDestroy Annotation 526

Further Information about CDI ...................................................................................................... 526

29 Running the Basic Contexts and Dependency Injection Examples .......................................... 527

The simplegreeting CDI Example ................................................................................................ 527

The simplegreeting Source Files ........................................................................................... 528

The Facelets Template and Page ............................................................................................... 528

Conguration Files .................................................................................................................... 529

Running the simplegreeting Example .................................................................................. 530

The guessnumber CDI Example ...................................................................................................... 531

The guessnumber Source Files ................................................................................................. 532

Contents

The Java EE 6 Tutorial • January 201318

The Facelets Page ....................................................................................................................... 536

Running the guessnumber Example ........................................................................................ 537

30 Contexts and Dependency Injection for the Java EE Platform: AdvancedTopics ...................539

Using Alternatives in CDI Applications ......................................................................................... 539

Using Specialization .................................................................................................................. 540

Using Producer Methods, Producer Fields, and Disposer Methods in CDI Applications ....... 541

Using Producer Methods .......................................................................................................... 542

Using Producer Fields to Generate Resources ........................................................................ 543

Using a Disposer Method .......................................................................................................... 543

Using Predened Beans in CDI Applications ................................................................................ 544

Using Events in CDI Applications ................................................................................................... 545

Dening Events .......................................................................................................................... 545

Using Observer Methods to Handle Events ............................................................................ 545

Firing Events ............................................................................................................................... 546

Using Interceptors in CDI Applications ......................................................................................... 547

Using Decorators in CDI Applications ........................................................................................... 549

Using Stereotypes in CDI Applications .......................................................................................... 550

31 Running the Advanced Contexts and Dependency Injection Examples ................................. 553

The encoder Example: Using Alternatives .................................................................................... 553

The Coder Interface and Implementations ............................................................................. 554

The encoder Facelets Page and Managed Bean ...................................................................... 554

Running the encoder Example ................................................................................................ 556

The producermethods Example: Using a Producer Method To Choose a Bean

Implementation ................................................................................................................................. 558

Components of the producermethods Example .................................................................... 559

Running the producermethods Example ................................................................................ 560

The producerfields Example: Using Producer Fields to Generate Resources ........................ 561

The Producer Field for the producerfields Example .......................................................... 561

The producerfields Entity and Session Bean ...................................................................... 563

The producerfields Facelets Pages and Managed Bean ..................................................... 564

Running the producerfields Example .................................................................................. 566

The billpayment Example: Using Events and Interceptors ........................................................ 568

The PaymentEvent Event Class ................................................................................................ 568

Contents

The PaymentHandler Event Listener ....................................................................................... 568

The billpayment Facelets Pages and Managed Bean ............................................................ 569

The LoggedInterceptor Interceptor Class ............................................................................ 572

Running the billpayment Example ........................................................................................ 573

The decorators Example: Decorating a Bean ............................................................................... 574

Components of the decorators Example .............................................................................. 574

Running the decorators Example .......................................................................................... 575

Part VI Persistence ..........................................................................................................................................577

32 Introduction to the Java Persistence API ...................................................................................... 579

Entities ................................................................................................................................................ 579

Requirements for Entity Classes .............................................................................................. 580

Persistent Fields and Properties in Entity Classes .................................................................. 580

Primary Keys in Entities ............................................................................................................ 585

Multiplicity in Entity Relationships ......................................................................................... 587

Direction in Entity Relationships ............................................................................................. 587

Embeddable Classes in Entities ................................................................................................ 590

Entity Inheritance .............................................................................................................................. 591

Abstract Entities ......................................................................................................................... 591

Mapped Superclasses ................................................................................................................. 591

Non-Entity Superclasses ........................................................................................................... 592

Entity Inheritance Mapping Strategies .................................................................................... 592

Managing Entities .............................................................................................................................. 595

The EntityManager Interface .................................................................................................. 595

Persistence Units ........................................................................................................................ 599

Querying Entities ............................................................................................................................... 600

Further Information about Persistence .......................................................................................... 601

33 Running the Persistence Examples ................................................................................................603

The order Application ...................................................................................................................... 603

Entity Relationships in the order Application ....................................................................... 604

Primary Keys in the order Application ................................................................................... 606

Entity Mapped to More Than One Database Table ............................................................... 610

Contents

The Java EE 6 Tutorial • January 201320

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精通Java EE 6：Oracle官方教程解析

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