使用JAVA优化ANYLOGIC模拟建模

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"这篇文档主要讨论了如何在AnyLogic中结合使用Java，以实现更复杂的模拟建模。它强调了在图形化建模无法满足需求时，利用Java进行文本脚本编程的重要性。" 在模拟建模领域，AnyLogic是一款强大的工具，支持基于代理、离散事件和系统动力学等多种建模方法。尽管它提供了直观的拖放界面来构建简单的模型，但为了创建更复杂、更接近现实世界的模型，通常需要更深入的编程能力。这就引入了Java，一种被广泛采用且适合建模者的高级编程语言。 Java在AnyLogic中的应用主要体现在以下几个方面： 1. **概率分布**：通过Java，你可以定义并使用各种概率分布，如正态分布、泊松分布等，来模拟随机事件的发生。 2. **表达式评估**：在模型中，可能需要根据条件执行复杂的计算或判断。Java的表达式引擎允许你编写这样的逻辑，以实现更灵活的行为。 3. **对象属性测试**：当模型涉及多个对象并且需要基于这些对象的属性进行交互时，Java的面向对象特性就显得尤为关键。 4. **自定义数据结构**：对于特定的模拟场景，可能需要设计特定的数据结构，如队列、堆栈或图。Java提供了丰富的数据结构库，同时也允许你创建自己的类来满足这些需求。 5. **算法设计**：模拟建模经常需要定制算法来处理特定的动态行为。Java的强大在于其能够支持从简单到复杂的各种算法实现。不局限于上述功能，Java在AnyLogic中的另一大优势是它的普及性和生态系统。由于Java是一种广泛使用的语言，开发者可以利用大量的开源库和社区资源，解决建模过程中遇到的问题，提高开发效率。此外，Java的内存管理机制使得模型开发者无需直接处理内存分配，这降低了编程的复杂性，让模型者可以专注于模型的逻辑。同时，Java的强类型特性也有助于减少错误，提高了代码的可靠性和可维护性。通过将Java与AnyLogic结合，建模者能够实现更精细、更动态的模拟，更好地模拟现实世界的情况。无论是对现有模型进行扩展，还是为复杂的系统建模，掌握Java都将大大增强你的建模能力。因此，对于想要深入使用AnyLogic的用户来说，学习和理解Java是非常必要的。

Simulation Modeling with AnyLogic: Agent Based, Discrete Event and System Dynamics Methods 9

Local variables declared in the Action code of an event

Class variables (fields)

Java variables (fields) of the active object class are part of the "memory" or "state" of

active objects. They can be declared graphically or in code.

A variable of an active object declared in the graphical editor

 To declare a variable of active object (or experiment) class:

1. Open the General palette and drag the Plain variable object to the canvas.

2. Type the variable name in the in-place editor or in the variable properties.

3. Choose the variable

Access type in the General page of the variable

properties. In most cases you can leave

default, which means the variable will

Drag and drop

Local variable sum can

be used throughout the

Action code

Local variable p, exists

only while the "for" loop

is executed

Simulation Modeling with AnyLogic: Agent Based, Discrete Event and System Dynamics Methods 10

be visible within the current model. public opens access to the variable from

other models, and

private limits access to this active object only.

4. Choose the variable type. If the type is not one of the primitive types, you

should choose

Other and enter the type name in the field nearby.

5. Optionally you can enter the variable Initial value.

If you do not specify the initial value, it will be

false for boolean type, 0 for numeric

variables, and

null ("nothing") for all other classes including String.

In the Figure, a variable

income of type int is declared in an active object (or

experiment) class. Its access type is

public, therefore it will be accessible from

anywhere. The initial value of the variable is

10000. The graphical declaration above is

equivalent to a line of code of the class, which you can write in the

Additional class

code

field of the Advanced property page of the class, as shown in the Figure:

The same variable declared in the Additional class code field

Graphical declaration of a variable allows you to visually group it together with

related functions or objects, and to view or change the variable value at runtime with

one click.

Functions (methods)

In Java, to call a function (or method, which is more correct in object-oriented

languages like Java, as any function is a method of a class) you write the function name

followed by the argument values in parentheses. For example, this is a call of a

triangular probability distribution function with three numeric arguments:

triangular( 2, 5, 14 )

The next function call prints the coordinates of an agent to the model log with a

timestamp:

traceln( time() + ": X = " + getX() + " Y = " + getY() );

The argument of this function call is a string expression with five components; three

of them are also function calls:

time(), getX(), and getY().

Access type

Name

Initial value

Type

Simulation Modeling with AnyLogic: Agent Based, Discrete Event and System Dynamics Methods 11

Even if a function has no arguments, you must put parentheses after the function

name, like this: time()

A function may or may not return a value. For example, the call of time() returns the

current model time of type

double, and the call of traceln() does not return a value. If a

function returns a value, it can be used in an expression (like

time() was used in the

argument expression of

traceln()). If a function does not return a value it can only be

called as a statement

(the semicolon after the call of traceln() indicates that this is a

statement).

Standard and system functions

Most of the code you write in AnyLogic is the code of a subclass of ActiveObject (a

fundamental class of the AnyLogic simulation engine). For your convenience,

AnyLogic system functions and most frequently used Java standard functions are

available directly through

ActiveObject (you do not need to think which package or

class they belong to, and can call those functions without any prefixes). Following are

some examples (these are only a few functions out of several hundreds; see AnyLogic

Class Reference for the full list).

The type name written before the function name indicates the type of the returned

value. If the function does not return a value, we write void instead of type, but we are

dropping it here.

Mathematical functions (imported from java.lang.Math, about 45 functions in total):

•

double min( a, b ) – returns the minimum of a and b

•

double log( a ) – returns the natural logarithm of a

•

double pow( a, b ) – returns the value of a raised to the power of b

•

double sqrt( a ) – returns the square root of a

Functions related to the model time, date, or date elements (about 20 functions):

•

double time() – returns the current model time (in model time units)

•

Date date() – returns the current model date (Date is standard Java class)

•

int getMinute() – returns the minute within the hour of the current model date

•

double minute() – returns one minute time interval value in the model time units

Probability distributions (over 30 distributions are supported):

•

double uniform( min, max ) – returns a uniformly distributed random number

•

double exponential( rate ) – returns an exponentially distributed random number

Output to the model log and formatting:

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