ASP.NET MVC 3 教程：理解与实践

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"ASP.NET英文教程是一本针对ASP.NET MVC框架的专业书籍，旨在帮助开发者理解其基础理念，包括ASP.NET MVC 3的新特性，并实践使用该框架的感受。书中的内容涵盖了从入门到深入的多个章节，通过实例教学，如SportsStore项目，来逐步解析ASP.NET MVC的设计模式和核心功能。" 在ASP.NET MVC框架中，它为基于微软平台的Web开发者带来了一场革命性的变化。这个框架注重清晰的架构、设计模式以及可测试性，同时并不隐藏Web工作的本质。书中第一部分的目标是引导读者理解ASP.NET MVC框架的基础，包括ASP.NET MVC 3的新特性，并通过实际操作体验框架的使用方式。书中内容大致分为三部分： 1. **第一部分：介绍ASP.NET MVC 3** - 第一章“什么是大想法？”：阐述ASP.NET MVC的核心概念和它为何与传统的Web开发方式不同。 - 第二章“准备就绪”：介绍开始ASP.NET MVC开发所需的环境和工具。 - 第三章“你的第一个MVC应用”：通过创建一个简单的应用，让读者熟悉MVC框架的基本步骤。 - 第四章“MVC模式”：详细解释模型-视图-控制器（MVC）模式的工作原理。 - 第五章至第七章：深入讲解语言特性、用于MVC的重要工具以及构建实际应用SportsStore的开始。 2. **第二部分：ASP.NET MVC 3详细解析** - 第十章至第二十章：深入探讨MVC项目的概述、URL路由、控制器与动作、过滤器、控制器扩展性、视图、模型模板、模型绑定、模型验证、不显眼的Ajax以及jQuery等核心概念和技术。 3. **第三部分：交付成功的ASP.NET MVC 3项目** 这部分可能涉及如何有效地规划、开发和部署ASP.NET MVC项目，确保项目的成功实施。通过这个教程，读者不仅能够学习到ASP.NET MVC的技术知识，还能掌握构建高质量、可维护和可测试的Web应用程序的最佳实践。书中的SportsStore项目贯穿始终，作为实践案例，帮助读者将理论知识转化为实际技能。

CHAPTER 1 ■ WHAT’S THE BIG IDEA?

ASP.NET MVC Is Open Source

Unlike with previous Microsoft web development platforms, you’re free to download the original source

code for ASP.NET MVC, and even modify and compile your own version of it. This is invaluable when

your debugging trail leads into a system component, and you want to step into its code (and even read

the original programmers’ comments). It’s also useful if you’re building an advanced component and

want to see what development possibilities exist, or how the built-in components actually work.

Additionally, this ability is great if you don’t like the way something works, if you find a bug, or if you

just want to access something that’s otherwise inaccessible, because you can simply change it yourself.

However, you’ll need to keep track of your changes and reapply them if you upgrade to a newer version

of the framework. ASP.NET MVC is licensed under the Microsoft Public License (Ms-PL,

http://www.opensource.org/licenses/ms-pl.html), an Open Source Initiative (OSI)–approved open

source license. This means that you can change the source code, deploy it, and even redistribute your

changes publicly as a derivative project. However, Microsoft does not accept patches to the official build.

At present, Microsoft will ship only code that’s the product of its development and quality assurance

(QA) teams. You can download the MVC source code from http://aspnet.codeplex.com/.

Who Should Use ASP.NET MVC?

As with any new technology, the fact of ASP.NET MVC’s existence isn’t a compelling reason to adopt it.

Here, we’ll give you our view of how the MVC Framework compares with the most obvious alternatives.

We’ve tried to be as unbiased as two people writing a book about the MVC Framework can be, but we

know that there is a limit to our objectivity. The following sections are technology-based comparisons.

When selecting a web application framework, you should also consider the skills of your team, the work

involved in porting any existing projects, and your relationship with, and confidence in, the technology

source.

Comparisons with ASP.NET Web Forms

We have already detailed the weaknesses and limitations in traditional ASP.NET Web Forms, and how

ASP.NET MVC overcomes many of those problems. That doesn’t mean that Web Forms is dead, though.

Microsoft has repeatedly stated that both technologies are being actively developed and actively

supported, and that there are no plans to retire Web Forms. In some ways, your choice between the two

is a matter of development philosophy. Consider these points:

• Web Forms takes the view that UIs should be stateful, and to that end, adds a

sophisticated abstraction layer on top of HTTP and HTML, using View State and

postbacks to create the effect of statefulness. This makes it suitable for drag-and-

drop Windows Forms–style development, in which you pull UI widgets onto a

canvas and fill in code for their event handlers.

• MVC embraces HTTP’s true stateless nature, working with it rather than fighting

against it. The MVC Framework requires you to understand how web applications

actually work. Given that understanding, it provides a simple, powerful, modern

approach to writing web applications, with tidy code that’s easier to extend and

maintain over time, and that’s free of bizarre complications and painful

limitations.

CHAPTER 1 ■ WHAT’S THE BIG IDEA?

There are certainly cases where Web Forms is at least as good as, and probably better than, MVC.

The obvious example is small, intranet-type applications that are largely about binding grids directly to

database tables or stepping users through a wizard. Web Forms drag-and-drop development strengths

can outweigh its weaknesses when you don’t need to worry about bandwidth consumption or search

engine optimization.

If, on the other hand, you are writing applications for the Internet or larger intranet applications,

you will be attracted by the bandwidth efficiencies, better browser compatibility, and better support for

automated testing that MVC offers.

Migrating from Web Forms to MVC

If you have an existing ASP.NET Web Forms project that you are considering migrating to MVC, you will

be pleased to know that the two technologies can coexist in the same application. This provides an

opportunity to migrate existing applications gradually, especially if the application is partitioned into

layers with domain model or business logic constrained separately to the Web Forms pages.

In some cases, you might even deliberately design an application to be a hybrid of the two

technologies.

Comparisons with Ruby on Rails

Rails has become a benchmark against which other web platforms are compared. Developers and

companies who are in the Microsoft .NET world will find ASP.NET MVC far easier to adopt and learn,

whereas developers and companies that work in Python or Ruby on Linux or Mac OS X will find an easier

path to Rails. It’s unlikely that you would migrate from Rails to ASP.NET MVC or vice versa. There are some

real differences in scope between the two technologies.

Rails is a holistic development platform, meaning that it handles the complete stack, right from

database source control, through ORM, to handling requests with controllers and actions—all topped off

with built-in automated testing tools.

The ASP.NET MVC Framework focuses on handling web requests in an MVC-pattern with

controllers and actions. It does not have a built-in ORM tool, a built-in automated testing tool, or a

system for managing database migrations. This is because the .NET platform already has an enormous

range of choices for these functions, and you can use any of them. For example, if you’re looking for an

ORM tool, you might use NHibernate, Subsonic, Microsoft’s Entity Framework, or one of the many other

mature solutions available. Such is the luxury of the .NET platform, although this does mean that these

components are not as tightly integrated into ASP.NET MVC as the equivalents are into Rails.

Comparisons with MonoRail

MonoRail is an earlier .NET-based MVC web application platform, created as part of the open source

Castle project and in development since 2003. In many ways, MonoRail acted as the prototype for

ASP.NET MVC. MonoRail demonstrated how a Rails-like MVC architecture could be built on top of

ASP.NET and established patterns, practices, and terminology that are used throughout Microsoft’s

implementation.

We don’t see MonoRail as a serious competitor. It is probably the most popular .NET web

application platform created outside Redmond, and it did achieve reasonably widespread adoption in its

day. However, since the launch of ASP.NET MVC, the MonoRail project is rarely heard of. The

momentum of enthusiasm and innovation in the .NET web development world is now focused on

ASP.NET MVC.

CHAPTER 1 ■ WHAT’S THE BIG IDEA?

What’s New in ASP.NET MVC 3

The headline feature in MVC version 3 is the introduction of the Razor View Engine. Previous versions of

MVC have relied on the standard ASP.NET view engine, which depends on the ASP.NET <% and %> blocks

(if you have done any kind of ASP.NET development, you are certain to have seen these in use).

The Razor View Engine replaces the traditional blocks with the @ character. The new notation is

quicker to write and faster to compile than the old view engine. It also has more flexible features and

allows for better unit testing.

You can still use the previous approach, but the Microsoft team has made it clear that Razor is the

future for MVC. And, in fact, we have used Razor for all of the examples in this book.

Razor isn’t the only enhancement in MVC 3. The Visual Studio project tooling has been streamlined

and there is better support for dependency injection. It also provides improved support for the JSON

data format and JavaScript, including tighter integration with jQuery.

Summary

In this chapter, we have described how web development has evolved at tremendous speed from the

primordial swamp of the CGI executable to the latest high-performance, standards-compliant, agile

platforms. We reviewed the strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of ASP.NET Web Forms, Microsoft’s

main web platform since 2002, and the changes in the wider web development industry that forced

Microsoft to respond with something new.

You saw how the ASP.NET MVC platform addresses the weaknesses of ASP.NET Web Forms, and

how its modern design delivers advantages to developers who want to write high-quality, maintainable

code.

In the next chapter, you’ll see the MVC Framework in action, learning the simple mechanisms that

yield all these benefits. By Chapter 7, you’ll be ready for a realistic e-commerce application built with a

clean architecture, proper separation of concerns, automated tests, and beautifully minimal markup.

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