Linux设备驱动程序开发指南

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“Linux Device Drivers 3rd”是一本专注于Linux设备驱动程序开发的专业书籍，由O'Reilly出版社出版。该书深入探讨了如何为Linux操作系统编写和理解设备驱动，是开发者和系统工程师的重要参考资料。在Linux操作系统中，设备驱动程序是操作系统与硬件之间的桥梁，它们负责管理和控制硬件设备，使其能够与操作系统和其他软件组件有效地交互。"Linux Device Drivers 3rd"涵盖了从基础概念到高级技术的广泛内容，旨在帮助读者掌握驱动程序开发的核心技能。书中可能包含以下关键知识点： 1. **驱动程序的基础**：介绍设备驱动的基本结构、工作原理和在Linux内核中的位置，包括I/O模型（如中断驱动、轮询和DMA）以及设备文件和字符/块设备的概念。 2. **驱动程序接口**：讲解如何使用Linux内核提供的API来与硬件进行通信，包括设备注册、内存管理、中断处理和设备文件操作。 3. **总线和设备模型**：讨论PCI、USB、SPI等总线协议以及Linux设备模型，如何识别和管理连接到系统的设备。 4. **存储设备驱动**：涵盖块设备驱动的编写，如硬盘、SSD和闪存设备，涉及读写操作、请求队列和I/O调度。 5. **网络设备驱动**：讲解网络接口卡（NIC）的驱动程序开发，包括网络协议栈、数据包处理和中断处理。 6. **字符设备驱动**：介绍字符设备驱动的实现，如串口、并口和键盘，以及它们与用户空间的交互方式。 7. **设备文件系统**：讲述sysfs、procfs和其他虚拟文件系统如何提供设备信息，并演示如何为新设备添加支持。 8. **电源管理与热插拔**：讲解如何在驱动程序中实现电源管理功能，如ACPI和PMU支持，以及处理设备的热插拔事件。 9. **调试技巧**：提供设备驱动程序的调试方法，如使用gdb、kdb和kernel log分析工具。 10. **嵌入式系统开发**：针对嵌入式环境下的驱动开发，讨论限制、优化和裁剪问题。此外，O'Reilly出版社还提供了其他与Linux相关的资源，如《Understanding the Linux Kernel》、《Linux in a Nutshell》和《Linux Network Administrator’s Guide》，这些书籍可以帮助读者更全面地了解和掌握Linux系统。通过阅读"Linux Device Drivers 3rd"，读者可以学习到构建高效、稳定和可靠的设备驱动程序所需的知识，这对于在Linux系统上开发定制硬件解决方案或优化现有系统性能至关重要。同时，O'Reilly的在线资源，如Safari Bookshelf，提供了更多相关书籍的访问和搜索功能，以便读者深入研究特定主题或查找问题解决方案。

This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition

xiv

Preface

Although real hackers can find all the necessary information in the official kernel

sources, usually a written text can be helpful in developing programming skills. The

text you are approaching is the result of hours of patient grepping through the ker-

nel sources, and we hope the final result is worth the effort it took.

The Linux enthusiast should find in this book enough food for her mind to start

playing with the code base and should be able to join the group of developers that is

continuously working on new capabilities and performance enhancements. This

book does not cover the Linux kernel in its entirety, of course, but Linux device

driver authors need to know how to work with many of the kernel’s subsystems.

Therefore, it makes a good introduction to kernel programming in general. Linux is

still a work in progress, and there’s always a place for new programmers to jump into

the game.

If, on the other hand, you are just trying to write a device driver for your own device,

and you don’t want to muck with the kernel internals, the text should be modular-

ized enough to fit your needs as well. If you don’t want to go deep into the details,

you can just skip the most technical sections, and stick to the standard API used by

device drivers to seamlessly integrate with the rest of the kernel.

Organization of the Material

The book introduces its topics in ascending order of complexity and is divided into

two parts. The first part (Chapters 1–11) begins with the proper setup of kernel mod-

ules and goes on to describe the various aspects of programming that you’ll need in

order to write a full-featured driver for a char-oriented device. Every chapter covers a

distinct problem and includes a quick summary at the end, which can be used as a

reference during actual development.

Throughout the first part of the book, the organization of the material moves roughly

from the software-oriented concepts to the hardware-related ones. This organization

is meant to allow you to test the software on your own computer as far as possible

without the need to plug external hardware into the machine. Every chapter includes

source code and points to sample drivers that you can run on any Linux computer.

In Chapters 1 and 1, however, we ask you to connect an inch of wire to the parallel

port in order to test out hardware handling, but this requirement should be manage-

able by everyone.

The second half of the book (Chapters 12–18) describes block drivers and network

interfaces and goes deeper into more advanced topics, such as working with the vir-

tual memory subsystem and with the PCI and USB buses. Many driver authors do

not need all of this material, but we encourage you to go on reading anyway. Much

of the material found there is interesting as a view into how the Linux kernel works,

even if you do not need it for a specific project.

,ch00.11770 Page xiv Thursday, January 27, 2005 12:11 PM

This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition

Preface

xvii

Safari Enabled

When you see a Safari® Enabled icon on the cover of your favorite tech-

nology book, that means the book is available online through the

O’Reilly Network Safari Bookshelf.

Safari offers a solution that’s better than e-books. It’s a virtual library that lets you

easily search thousands of top tech books, cut and paste code samples, download

chapters, and find quick answers when you need the most accurate, current informa-

tion. Try it for free at http://safari.oreilly.com.

Acknowledgments

This book, of course, was not written in a vacuum; we would like to thank the many

people who have helped to make it possible.

Thanks to our editor, Andy Oram; this book is a vastly better product as a result of

his efforts. And obviously we owe a lot to the smart people who have laid the philo-

sophical and practical foundations of the current free software renaissance.

The first edition was technically reviewed by Alan Cox, Greg Hankins, Hans Ler-

men, Heiko Eissfeldt, and Miguel de Icaza (in alphabetic order by first name). The

technical reviewers for the second edition were Allan B. Cruse, Christian Morgner,

Jake Edge, Jeff Garzik, Jens Axboe, Jerry Cooperstein, Jerome Peter Lynch, Michael

Kerrisk, Paul Kinzelman, and Raph Levien. Reviewers for the third edition were

Allan B. Cruse, Christian Morgner, James Bottomley, Jerry Cooperstein, Patrick

Mochel, Paul Kinzelman, and Robert Love. Together, these people have put a vast

amount of effort into finding problems and pointing out possible improvements to

our writing.

Last but certainly not least, we thank the Linux developers for their relentless work.

This includes both the kernel programmers and the user-space people, who often get

forgotten. In this book, we chose never to call them by name in order to avoid being

unfair to someone we might forget. We sometimes made an exception to this rule

and called Linus by name; we hope he doesn’t mind.

Jon

I must begin by thanking my wife Laura and my children Michele and Giulia for fill-

ing my life with joy and patiently putting up with my distraction while working on

this edition. The subscribers of LWN.net have, through their generosity, enabled

much of this work to happen. The Linux kernel developers have done me a great ser-

vice by letting me be a part of their community, answering my questions, and setting

me straight when I got confused. Thanks are due to readers of the second edition of

this book whose comments, offered at Linux gatherings over much of the world,

,ch00.11770 Page xvii Thursday, January 27, 2005 12:11 PM

This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition

xviii

Preface

have been gratifying and inspiring. And I would especially like to thank Alessandro

Rubini for starting this whole exercise with the first edition (and staying with it

through the current edition); and Greg Kroah-Hartman, who has brought his consid-

erable skills to bear on several chapters, with great results.

Alessandro

I would like to thank the people that made this work possible. First of all, the incred-

ible patience of Federica, who went as far as letting me review the first edition dur-

ing our honeymoon, with a laptop in the tent. I want to thank Giorgio and Giulia,

who have been involved in later editions of the book and happily accepted to be sons

of “a gnu” who often works late in the night. I owe a lot to all the free-software

authors who actually taught me how to program by making their work available for

anyone to study. But for this edition, I’m mostly grateful to Jon and Greg, who have

been great mates in this work; it couldn’t have existed without each and both of

them, as the code base is bigger and tougher, while my time is a scarcer resource,

always contended for by clients, free software issues, and expired deadlines. Jon has

been a great leader for this edition; both have been very productive and technically

invaluable in supplementing my small-scale and embedded view toward program-

ming with their expertise about SMP and number crunchers.

Greg

I would like to thank my wife Shannon and my children Madeline and Griffin for

their understanding and patience while I took the time to work on this book. If it

were not for their support of my original Linux development efforts, I would not be

able to do this book at all. Thanks also to Alessandro and Jon for offering to let me

work on this book; I am honored that they let me participate in it. Much gratitude is

given to all of the Linux kernel programmers, who were unselfish enough to write

code in the public view, so that I and others could learn so much from just reading it.

Also, for everyone who has ever sent me bug reports, critiqued my code, and flamed

me for doing stupid things, you have all taught me so much about how to be a better

programmer and, throughout it all, made me feel very welcome to be part of this

community. Thank you.

,ch00.11770 Page xviii Thursday, January 27, 2005 12:11 PM

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