无线信息与能量同时传输的多输入单输出安全多播系统鲁棒波束成形设计

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"这篇研究论文探讨了在具有不完美信道状态信息的多用户多输入单输出安全多播系统中，同时进行无线信息传输与能量传输的鲁棒波束成形设计。作者首先考虑了一种鲁棒的安全波束成形策略，目标是最小化发射功率，同时确保合法用户的保密率中断概率约束和能量收集中断概率约束。" 正文：在无线通信领域，随着物联网（IoT）和无线设备的爆炸性增长，同时无线信息传输（SWIPT）和无线能量传输（WET）成为一项关键的技术，它允许设备在接收信息的同时收集能量，从而延长电池寿命或实现自供电。这篇论文聚焦于多输入单输出（MISO）安全多播系统，这是一个服务于多个接收者并确保数据安全性的架构。首先，文章介绍了在不完美信道状态信息（CSI）环境下，系统面临的挑战。在实际环境中，由于信道估计误差，获取精确的CSI通常是困难的，这会影响波束成形设计的性能。因此，鲁棒波束成形设计是必要的，它能够抵御这些不确定性，确保服务质量和安全性。接着，论文提出了一个鲁棒的波束成形策略，该策略的目标是在满足两个主要约束条件下最小化发射功率：一是保障合法用户的保密率，即保证信息不被潜在的窃听者截取；二是保证接收端能够有效地收集到足够的能量。保密率中断概率和能量收集中断概率是评估系统性能的关键指标，这两个概率的约束确保了服务的稳定性和可靠性。在多播场景下，每个接收者都应获得相同的信号，但考虑到不同的路径损耗和干扰，设计出满足所有接收者的波束成形方案是一项复杂任务。论文可能通过利用优化理论和信号处理技术来解决这一问题，例如采用半定规划（SDP）或凸优化方法来寻找最优波束权重。此外，论文可能还分析了不同系统参数（如发射功率、天线数量、信道条件等）对性能的影响，并可能通过仿真结果展示了所提出策略相对于传统方法的优势。这有助于理解如何在实际系统中平衡信息传输速率、能量效率和安全性。这篇研究论文对于理解在不完美信道条件下，如何通过鲁棒波束成形设计实现多用户MISO系统的安全多播和SWIPT提供了深入见解。其提出的解决方案有望推动无线通信系统在安全性、效率和鲁棒性方面的进步。

Robust beamforming design for multiple-

input–single-output secrecy multicast ing

systems with simultaneous wireless

information and power transmission

ISSN 1751-8628

Received on 29th September 2015

Revised on 4th February 2016

Accepted on 16th March 2016

doi: 10.1049/iet-com.2015.0945

www.ietdl.org

Zhengyu Zhu

✉

, Zheng Chu

, Zhongyong Wang

, Jianhua Cui

School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China

School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK

School of Physical and Electronic Information, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China

✉ E-mail: zhuzhengyu6@gmail.com

Abstract: In this study, the authors study simultaneous wireless information and power transfer for multiuser multiple-

input–single-output secure multicasting channels with imperfect channel state information. First, a robust secure

beamforming design is considered, where the transmit power is minimised subject to the secrecy rate outage

probability constraint for legitimate users and the harvested energy outage probability constraint for energy harvesting

receivers. The original problem is non-convex due to the presence of the probabilistic constraints. By utilising

Bernstein-type inequali ties, the authors transform the outage constraints into the deterministic forms. In order to

identify a l ocal optimal rank-one solution, the authors propose an efficient a pproach based on a constrained concave

convex procedure method to convert the original problem into a sequence of convex programming problems. Finally,

simulation results are provided to validate the performance of the proposed design methods.

1 Introduction

Energy harvesting (EH) techniques have been introduced to extract

energy from the nature [1, 2]. Recently, simultaneous wireless

information and power transfer (SWIPT) has been proposed which

utilises ambient radio frequency (RF) signals for providing power

supplies to wireless networks [3–8]. A typical SWIPT system of

practical interest consists of one transmitter that has constant

power supply and broadcasts wireless signals to a group of

receivers, among which some decode information, typically

referred to as information receivers, while others scavenge energy

from ambient radio signals, named energy receivers.

Secrecy transmission has extracted more and more attentions in

wireless networks, especially focusing on physical-layer security

[9]. On the other hand, security has been recognised as an

important issue for SWIPT systems [10–16]. To address this

challenge, physical-layer security techniques have been applied to

SWIPT to achieve secure communication. In [10], the optimal

information and energy beamforming designs for secrecy

SWIPT systems in multiple-input–single-output (MISO) broadcast

channels have been studied. Moreover, the secure transmission

for SWIPT schemes was investigated in cooperative relay

networks [11], multiple-input–multiple-output broadcasting

systems [12].

It is worth noting that all of these works have considered the

assumption of perfect channel state information (CSI) available at

the transmitter. In practice, it may be difﬁcult to obtain perfect

CSI at the transmitter due to channel estimation and quantisation

errors. Furthermore, as we all know, the perfect CSI methods are

quite sensitive to the channel uncertainties. Some secure SWIPT

systems are constructed under imperfect channel realisation in

[13–16]. However, these literatures only focus on the

norm-bounded channel uncertainty model in secure SWIPT

transmission schemes [13–16]. In [14–16], the rank relaxation is

applied to relax problem and the proof of the rank-two solution of

the transmit covariance matrix is presented. Since it is challenging

to show rank-one solution, the authors only provide a suboptimal

solution by using Gaussian randomisation (GR) method [17].

However, one main disadvantage of the GR method is poor

performance.

In practice, it is always difﬁcult that the channel error bound can

be obtained exactly. In this paper, we consider a system where the

transmitter only obtains the statistical information of channel

uncertainties. We incorporate two different types of statistical

channel uncertainty models: (i) partial channel uncertainties

(PCUs) which assume perfect CSI for legitimate users and

imperfect CSI for eavesdroppers and EH receivers; (ii) full channel

uncertainties (FCUs) which consider imperfect CSI for legitimate

users, eavesdroppers, and EH receivers.

We formulate the robust transmit power minimisation (PM)

problem subject to the secrecy rate outage probability constraint

for legitimate users and the harvested power outage probability

constraint for both channel uncertainty models. Under various

assumptions on the CSI, we seek to design robust transmit

beamforming strategies for MISO SWIPT wiretap channels. The

main contribution of this paper is summarised as follows:

† For the PCU model, the robust PM problem with the outage

constraints is converted into a convex semideﬁnite programming

(SDP) by employing semideﬁnite relaxation (SDR) and the

Bernstein-type inequality [18]. In general, the relaxed problem is

not guaranteed to obtain a rank-one solution [

17]. Based on a

constrained concave convex procedure (CCCP)-based algorithm,

we propose an iterative method to recover a local optimal rank-one

beamforming solution to the PM problem.

† For the FCU model, applying the Bernstein-type inequality and

SDR, the PM problem can be transformed into a SDP problem

which adopts the CCCP-based iterative algorithm to achieve a

local optimal rank-one solution.

The rest of this paper is organised as follows. Section 2 presents

the system model. Section 3 provides the statistical channel

uncertainty and problem formulation. The robust design methods

are developed in Section 4. Section 5 compares the computational

complexity of the proposed robust design methods, and Section 6

IET Communications

Research Article

IET Commun., 2016, Vol. 10, Iss. 15, pp. 1979–1985

1979

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