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result, the last three questions in “3W1H” (i.e., which water quality index should be reduced in order to achieve
a particular standard of water quality, where [which river segment] the specific water quality index should be
reduced, and how much of the specific index should be reduced in the target river segment) can be investigated.
This article is structured as follows. Section 2 shows the architecture of the designed twin watershed platform
and describes the key technologies of implementing the designed platform. A case study using this twin platform
for integrated visualization and management of watersheds in the Chaohu Lake Watershed of China is presented in
Section 3. Experimental results and discussions are given in Section 4. Finally, conclusions are provided in Section 5.
2 | METHODS
2.1 | Architecture of interactive twin watershed platform
The conceptual architecture of the digital twin watershed platform is illustrated in Figure 1. Like most web appli-
cation solutions, the proposed platform is organized in a three- layer architecture: (1) data layer; (2) business logic
layer; and (3) presentation layer. Their functions are described below.
2.1.1 | Data layer
The data layer provides necessary data support for the realization and application of system business functions.
Supporting data of this platform stem from two respects: data collection and data production. While the former
FIGURE 1 Designed architecture of interactive digital twin