思杰VDI架构详解与部署指南（5.x版）

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思杰VDI手册是一份详细的指南，旨在帮助读者理解并部署Citrix的虚拟桌面基础设施（VDI）解决方案。该手册由Worldwide Consulting Solutions准备，适用于那些希望优化工作流程、提高员工灵活性和移动性的人们。版本5.x的架构师指南分为六个主要部分： 1. 概述：介绍部分解释了为何在业界看来虚拟桌面技术看似难以实施，但实际上，其核心目的是提供更灵活、便携的工作环境。通过VDI，员工可以在任何地点和设备上访问公司的桌面应用程序和数据，实现远程办公的高效管理。 2. 评估：这部分关注项目实施前的准备工作。它包括业务驱动因素的分析，如成本节省、IT管理简化以及员工满意度提升。此外，还涉及数据收集、用户分群研究，以及对关键应用进行性能评估，确保方案的可行性。项目管理也在此阶段占据重要地位，以确保整个过程顺利进行。 3. 设计：详细规划VDI架构，分为四个层面：用户层关注用户体验，如个性化设置和应用程序呈现；接入层处理网络连接和安全性；桌面层负责虚拟桌面的创建和管理；控制层则负责整个架构的监控和策略管理。 4. 部署：涵盖实施阶段的步骤，从总体概述到具体的部署策略，包括硬件和软件配置、系统集成、以及可能遇到的问题和解决方案。 5. 监控与支持：在VDI运行后，重点在于维护和优化。这部分涉及日常监控系统的性能，故障排除，以及对用户的持续支持，确保系统的稳定性和用户满意度。 6. 附录：包含术语表、修订历史、作者信息等实用参考资料，帮助读者查阅和参考。通过阅读这份手册，读者可以全面了解如何利用Citrix VDI技术构建一个强大而灵活的企业桌面环境，从而提高生产力，降低成本，并适应现代办公需求的变化。无论是初次接触还是经验丰富的IT专业人士，这都是一份宝贵的资源。

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o Personalization: Personalization requirements are used to help determine the

appropriate FlexCast model for each user group. For example, if a user group

requires complete personalization, a Hosted VDI desktop with Personal vDisk will be

recommended as the optimal solution. There are three classifications available:

Personalization

Requirement

None

User cannot modify any user or application settings (e.g. kiosk).

Basic

User can modify user-level settings within desktops and apps.

Complete

User can make any change, including installing applications.

Table 4: Personalization Characteristics

o Security: Security requirements are used to help determine the appropriate FlexCast

model and policies for each user group. For example, if a user group requires high

security, a Hosted-Shared Desktop, Pooled Desktop or On-Demand Apps FlexCast

model will be recommended as the optimal solution. There are four classifications

available:

Security

Level

Data Stays in

Data Center or is

Encrypted

Prohibit User

Installs

Allow Multi-User

Operating

Systems

MAC / IP

Address Auditing

Low

Yes

Medium

Yes

High

Yes

High & Audit

Yes

Table 5: Security Characteristics

o Criticality: Criticality will be used to determine the level of high-availability, load

balancing and fault tolerance measures required. There are three classifications

available:

Criticality

Requirement

Low

Desktops can be unavailable for one day or more.

Medium

Desktops must not be down for more than four hours.

High

Backup desktops must always be available in case the primary fails.

Table 6: Criticality Characteristics

Technical Characteristics

o Workload: Collecting user performance requirements will allow the desktop

virtualization infrastructure to be sized appropriately and an appropriate FlexCast

model to be selected. For example, if a user group requires OpenGL graphics, a

Hosted Shared desktop will not be recommended because OpenGL is not optimized

on a Hosted Shared desktop. There are four classifications available:

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User Type

Characteristics

Graphics

Light

1-2 office productivity apps or kiosk

DirectX or None

Normal

2-10 office productivity apps with light multimedia use

DirectX or None

Heavy

Multimedia, data processing or application

development

DirectX or None

Heavy & OpenGL

OpenGL graphics requirements

OpenGL

Table 7: Workload Characteristics

Note: Performance thresholds are not identified based on processor, memory or disk

utilization because these characteristics will change dramatically following the

application rationalization and desktop optimization process. In addition, it is likely

that the user’s management tools and operating system will change during the

migration process. Instead, workload is gauged based on the number and type of

applications the user runs.

 User Environment: The user environment is a vital but often overlooked aspect of desktop

virtualization projects. These data points will be required during the design in order to plan

user migration and to schedule preparation work. For example reducing the size of the

profiles and home drives before they are moved.

o User Profile: The user profile holds all user settings related to the look and feel of

Windows and the applications as well as certain application configurations, (e.g. mail

signatures) or application data (e.g. favorites). The following information should be

collected for each user’s profile:

 Profile Type: There are five classifications available for “Profile Type” in the

User Assessment Worksheet: Local, Roaming, Mandatory, 3

Party or

Unknown.

 Profile Version: There are two classifications available for “Profile Version” in

the User Assessment Worksheet: Type 1 (Windows XP) or Type 2 (Windows

Vista / 7).

 Profile Location: Name of the file server used to store the user’s home drive.

 Size (MB): Size of the user’s profile.

o Home Drive: The home drive is typically used to store user and application data. The

following information should be collected for each user’s home drive:

 Home Drive Location: Name of the file server used to store the user’s home

drive.

 Size (MB): Size of the user’s home drive (excluding profile).

 Client Hardware: Client hardware details are captured to decide whether devices should be

reused, rebuilt or replaced. For example, Hosted VDI and Hosted Shared users will not

require a high-performance device. The following information should be collected for each

user’s client device:

o Number of CPUs/Cores & CPU Speed (GHz)

o Memory (GB)

o Disk Size (GB)

o Operating System

o Age of the System (years)

o Peripherals

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Note: Although the Application Assessment will identify the peripherals required by each

application there may be some peripherals that are used directly by the operating system, for

example smartcard readers. The connectivity interface required should be identified because

it may be necessary to create a policy that maps the required interface from the endpoint

device to the virtual desktop.

 Local Resource Mappings: For reasons of security, resource mappings such as clipboard

and client drives are typically disabled unless there is a specific reason to enable them.

Therefore, the user assessment should identify all resource mappings required so that

appropriate policies can be created during the design. The majority of mappings will be

controlled at the user group or departmental level, however, there may be specific

requirements to restrict or enable mappings for certain users or user groups. The following

information should be collected for each user:

o Local Drives

o Printing

o Clipboard

o Audio

o COM Port

o USB

o LPT

Application Data Capture

Key results from the application data gathering exercise should be documented in the Application

Assessment worksheet within the Citrix Virtual Desktop Handbook - Assess Workbook.

 Identification:

o Application Name & Version: Multiple versions of the same application are likely to

be in use within the organization. Create a new row in the table for each version of

the application.

o Application Owner: If known, provide the name and contact details of the application

owner so that you can follow up with additional questions. If there is no application

owner assigned or you do not know the application owner, enter “Unknown.”

o Status: Identifies whether the application is being considered for deployment to the

new virtual desktop solution. For now, enter a value of “Active” for each application

identified during the inventory.

Technical Characteristics

 Assignment:

o Number of Users: Provide the total number of users that have access to the

application.

o Departments: Document which departments require access to the application.

o User Groups: Access to an application may be restricted to specific user groups. For

example, access to the Citrix administration tools may be limited to the Citrix team

within the IT department.

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o Individual Users: Some applications may be restricted to a small number of users

due to licensing or security restrictions. For example, access to a CAD application

may be restricted to a small number of employees within the Design Team.

 Workload: Collecting application workload requirements will allow the virtualization

infrastructure to be sized and an appropriate application delivery model to be selected. For

example, resource intensive applications will not be delivered via a Hosted Shared Desktop

because there is limited control over how the resources are shared between users. There are

three classifications available for “Workload” in the User Assessment Worksheet:

Workload

Requirement

Resource

Intensive

If the application uses more than 1200MHz+ of available processor resources (50% of

a 2.4GHz CPU) or 1GB+ of RAM then it should be classified as “Resource Intensive”.

OpenGL

If the application is graphically intensive, certain delivery models may be more

appropriate than others. For example, XenApp supports HDX 3D which offers GPU

acceleration for DirectX only while XenDesktop supports HDX 3D Pro which offers

GPU acceleration for both DirectX and OpenGL. Therefore, Open GL based

applications, should be classified as “OpenGL”.

None

The application is not resource intensive and does not require OpenGL graphics.

Table 8: Application Workload Characteristics

 Business: Do not complete. This section of the worksheet will be completed during the

Application Assessment, once the application list has been completed.

 Compatibility: Do not complete. This section of the worksheet will be completed during the

Application Assessment, once the application list has been completed.

To save time and effort, the remaining items in the Application Assessment worksheet will be

completed during the Application Assessment once the rationalization process has been completed.

Capabilities Assessment

The information captured during the Capabilities Assessment will be used to achieve the following

objectives:

1. Identify Risks: Like traditional desktops, desktop virtualization is dependent on a wide range

of supporting technologies, including storage, networking, directory services and applications.

In many cases, issues reported with virtual desktops are a symptom rather than a cause. For

example, slow performance and disconnected sessions are more often caused by periods of

high-latency than a desktop specific issue. Therefore, a desktop virtualization project is an

excellent opportunity to review an organization’s existing infrastructure to ensure that it

provides a good solid foundation upon which the VDI environment can be built. Any risks

identified should be reported to the project manager so that they can be addressed

appropriately.

2. Create Roadmap: The Capabilities Assessment provides the project team with a detailed

understanding of the existing environment so that they can estimate implementation time for

each user group and prioritize the implementation order.

3. Virtual Desktop Design: Provide the project team with detailed information on the current

state of the environment so that they can successfully integrate the new virtual desktop

solution. The Capabilities Assessment should also determine whether existing infrastructure

components can be leveraged or whether new infrastructure needs to be purchased, for

example shared storage and virtualization technologies.

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Key results from the capabilities gathering exercise should be documented in the Citrix Desktop

Virtualization Handbook – Capabilities Assessment template. A list of questions has been provided

per infrastructure technology to highlight key information that needs to be collected. These questions

are based on the experiences of Citrix Consulting across numerous desktop virtualization projects and

should be answered by the appropriate technology architect for each section. Not all sections need to

be completed, for example if the organization does not already have a Citrix XenApp or XenDesktop

environment this section can be left blank. The length of the capabilities assessment will vary based

on the size and complexity of the environment but typically takes about three days to complete.

Recommendations

Performing a capabilities review helps set the foundation for the design by identifying experiences,

technologies and platforms to pursue. The review should first focus on whether the following areas

have already been implemented and if so, what is the current satisfaction – Access, Desktops,

Active Directory, XenApp/XenDesktop, Database, Virtualization, Storage, Network and Operations.

Don’t forget to follow these top capabilities assessment recommendations from Citrix Consulting,

which are based on years of experience:

Citrix Consulting Tips for Success

1. Discussions: Meet with the architects rather than sending them a questionnaire so that

additional questions can be raised, diagrams drawn and detailed explanations provided.

2. Schedule Meetings: It is advisable to schedule meetings with the architects well in advance

to ensure availability. Provide each architect with a copy of the questions that you plan to

ask them so that they can prepare appropriately. Also, when scheduling the meetings

request any relevant documentation for background reading as this may prompt additional

questions and discussions.

3. Documentation: Use this document to capture your discussions with the architects. The

document can then be circulated amongst the project team to ensure that everybody has the

same information.

4. Future Initiatives: Ask the architects whether they are planning any future initiatives, for

example upgrading to a new product version, or adjusting the architecture. This will ensure

that the project team is aware of all upcoming changes.

5. Identify Risks: It is important that all risks are identified as early as possible so that they can

be tracked and appropriate action taken. Risks should be graded in severity and if possible

remediation plans should be created stating an estimated time-frame and cost.

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