21天掌握JAVA编程：从入门到精通

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"Teach Yourself JAVA in 21 Days 是一本由Laura Lemay和Charles L. Perkins合著的书籍，旨在帮助读者在21天内掌握JAVA编程语言，包括创建 applets 和应用程序的知识。该书适合具有至少一些基础编程背景的读者，无论是有多年经验的程序员还是只有少量经验的新手。通过本书，读者将能够对JAVA有深入的理解，并能进行各种类型的编程任务。" 详细知识点: 1. **JAVA 语言基础**：书中会详细介绍JAVA语言的基本概念，如变量、数据类型、控制结构（如循环和条件语句）、函数以及面向对象编程的基本概念，如类、对象、封装、继承和多态。 2. **类与对象**：JAVA 是一种面向对象的语言，书中会教授如何定义类，创建对象，并使用这些对象来解决问题。读者将学习如何使用构造函数、方法和类之间的关系来设计和实现复杂的程序。 3. **包与导入**：书中会涵盖如何组织代码，使用包来管理类库，以及如何使用import语句引入所需类库。 4. **异常处理**：JAVA 的异常处理是其强大的特性之一，书中会介绍如何使用try-catch-finally块来捕获和处理程序运行时可能出现的错误。 5. **输入/输出(I/O)**：JAVA 提供了丰富的I/O流库，读者将学习如何读写文件、网络通信以及使用流来处理数据。 6. **多线程**：JAVA 支持多线程编程，这使得程序可以同时执行多个任务。书中会教授如何创建和管理线程，以及同步机制，如synchronized关键字和wait/notify机制。 7. **GUI编程**：JAVA提供了Swing和JavaFX等库用于创建图形用户界面，书中会介绍如何创建窗口、按钮、文本框等组件，以及事件处理机制。 8. **网络编程**：JAVA 支持网络编程，读者将学习如何使用Socket和ServerSocket进行客户端-服务器通信。 9. **APPLETs**：JAVA applet是可以在网页中运行的小程序，书中会讲解如何编写和部署applets，以及它们与HTML页面的交互。 10. **JNI(Java Native Interface)**：如果读者需要调用本地系统库或API，JNI是必要的知识，书中可能会涉及这个主题，允许JAVA代码与C/C++代码交互。 11. **编译与运行JAVA程序**：书中会教授如何使用JDK的javac编译器编译源代码，以及如何使用java命令运行编译后的字节码。 12. **调试技巧**：读者将学习如何使用JDK的调试工具如jdb，以及集成开发环境(IDE)中的调试功能来定位和修复代码问题。对于那些已经熟悉HTML和CGI编程，希望进一步提升Web页面设计能力的读者，或者是有基础编程经验想要快速上手JAVA的人来说，这本书是一个理想的选择。它不仅覆盖了JAVA的基础知识，还提供了一个逐步学习的计划，帮助读者在短时间内掌握JAVA编程技能。

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Acknowledgments

From Laura Lemay:

To Sun’s Java team, for all their hard work on Java the language and on the browser, and

particularly to Jim Graham, who demonstrated Java and HotJava to me on very short notice in

May and planted the idea for this book.

To everyone who bought my previous books, and liked them. Buy this one too.

From Charles L. Perkins:

To Patrick Naughton, who first showed me the power and the promise of OAK (Java) in early

1993.

To Mark Taber, who shepherded this lost sheep through his first book.

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Introduction

The World Wide Web, for much of its existence, has been a method for distributing passive

information to a widely distributed number of people. The Web has, indeed, been exceptionally

good for that purpose. With the addition of forms and image maps, Web pages began to become

interactive—but the interaction was often simply a new way to get at the same information. The

limitations of Web distribution were all too apparent once designers began to try to stretch the

boundaries of what the Web can do. Even other innovations, such as Netscape’s server push to

create dynamic animations, were merely clever tricks layered on top of a framework that wasn’t

built to support much other than static documents with images and text.

Enter Java, and the capability for Web pages of containing Java applets. Applets are small

programs that create animations, multimedia presentations, real-time (video) games, multi-user

networked games, and real interactivity—in fact, most anything a small program can do, Java

applets can. Downloaded over the net and executed inside a Web page by a browser that supports

Java, applets are an enormous step beyond standard Web design.

The disadvantage of Java is that to create Java applets right now, you need to write them in the

Java language. Java is a programming language, and as such, creating Java applets is more

difficult than creating a Web page or a form using HTML. Soon there will be tools and programs

that will make creating Java applets easier—they may be available by the time you read this. For

now, however, the only way to delve into Java is to learn the language and start playing with the

raw Java code. Even when the tools come out, you may want to do more with Java than the tools

can provide, and you’re back to learning the language.

That’s where Teach Yourself Java in 21 Days comes in. This book teaches you all about the Java

language and how to use it to create not only applets, but also applications, which are more

general Java programs that don’t need to run inside a Web browser. By the time you get through

with this book, you’ll know enough about Java to do just about anything, inside an applet or

out.

Who Should Read This Book

Teach Yourself Java in 21 Days is intended for people with at least some basic programming

background—which includes people with years of programming experience and people with

only a small amount of experience. If you understand what variables, loops, and functions are,

you’ll be just fine for this book. The sorts of people who might want to read this book include

you, if one or more of the following is true:

■■ You’re a real whiz at HTML, understand CGI programming (in perl, AppleScript,

Visual Basic, or some other popular CGI language) pretty well, and want to move

onto the next level in Web page design.

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■■ You had some Basic or Pascal in school, you’ve got a basic grasp of what programming

is, but you’ve heard Java is easy to learn, really powerful, and very cool.

■■ You’ve programmed C and C++ for many years, you’ve heard this Java thing is

becoming really popular, and you’re wondering what all the fuss is all about.

■■ You’ve heard that Java is really good for Web-based applets, and you’re curious about

how good it is for creating more general applications.

What if you know programming, but you don’t know object-oriented programming? Fear not.

Teach Yourself Java in 21 Days assumes no background in object-oriented design. If you know

object-oriented programming, the first couple of days will be easy for you.

What if you’re a rank beginner? This book might move a little fast for you. Java is a good language

to start with, though, and if you take it slow and work through all the examples, you may still

be able to pick up Java and start creating your own applets.

How This Book Is Organized

Teach Yourself Java in 21 Days describes Java primarily in its current state—what’s known as the

beta API (Application Programming Interface). This is the version of Java that Netscape and

other browsers, such as Spyglass’s Mosaic, support. A previous version of Java, the alpha API,

was significantly different from the version described in this book, and the two versions are not

compatible with each other. There are other books that describe only the alpha API, and there

may still be programs and browsers out there that can only run using alpha Java programs.

Teach Yourself Java in 21 Days uses primarily Java beta because that is the version that is most

current and is the version that will continue to be used in the future. The alpha API is obsolete

and will eventually die out. If you learn Java using beta API, you’ll be much better prepared for

any future changes (which will be minor) than if you have to worry about both APIs at once.

Java is still in development. “Beta” means that Java is not complete and that things may change

between the time this book is being written and the time you read this. Keep this in mind as you

work with Java and with the software you’ll use to create and compile programs. If things aren’t

behaving the way you expect, check the Web sites mentioned at the end of this introduction for

more information.

Teach Yourself Java in 21 Days covers the Java language and its class libraries in 21 days, organized

as three separate weeks. Each week covers a different broad area of developing Java applets and

applications.

In the first week, you’ll learn about the Java language itself:

■■ Day 1 is the basic introduction: what Java is, why it’s cool, and how to get the

software. You’ll also create your first Java applications and applets.

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■■ On Day 2, you’ll explore basic object-oriented programming concepts as they apply to

Java.

■■ On Day 3, you start getting down to details with the basic Java building blocks: data

types, variables, and expressions such as arithmetic and comparisons.

■■ Day 4 goes into detail about how to deal with objects in Java: how to create them,

how to access their variables and call their methods, and how to compare and copy

them. You’ll also get your first glance at the Java class libraries.

■■ On Day 5, you’ll learn more about Java with arrays, conditional statements. and

loops.

■■ Day 6 is the best one yet. You’ll learn how to create classes, the basic building blocks

of any Java program, as well as how to put together a Java application (an application

being a Java program that can run on its own without a Web browser).

■■ Day 7 builds on what you learned on Day 6. On Day 7, you’ll learn more about how

to create and use methods, including overriding and overloading methods and

creating constructors.

Week 2 is dedicated to applets and the Java class libraries:

■■ Day 8 provides the basics of applets—how they’re different from applications, how to

create them, and the most important parts of an applet’s life cycle. You’ll also learn

how to create HTML pages that contain Java applets.

■■ On Day 9, you’ll learn about the Java classes for drawing shapes and characters to the

screen—in black, white, or any other color.

■■ On Day 10, you’ll start animating those shapes you learned about on Day 9, includ-

ing learning what threads and their uses are.

■■ Day 11 covers more detail about animation, adding bitmap images and audio to the

soup.

■■ Day 12 delves into interactivity—handling mouse and keyboard clicks from the user

in your Java applets.

■■ Day 13 is ambitious; on that day you’ll learn about using Java’s Abstract Windowing

Toolkit to create a user interface in your applet including menus, buttons, checkboxes,

and other elements.

■■ On Day 14, you explore the last of the main Java class libraries for creating applets:

windows and dialogs, networking, and a few other tidbits.

Week 3 finishes up with advanced topics, for when you start doing larger and more complex Java

programs, or when you want to learn more:

■■ On Day 15, you’ll learn more about the Java language’s modifiers—for abstract and

final methods and classes as well as for protecting a class’s private information from

the prying eyes of other classes.

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