ROS编程指南:设计与构建复杂机器人

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"Mastering ROS for Robotics Programming" 是一本由 Lentin Joseph 所著的专业书籍,针对机器人操作系统(Robot Operating System,简称ROS)进行深度讲解和实践指导。这本书旨在帮助读者设计、构建和模拟复杂的机器人系统,充分利用 ROS 出厂即有的强大功能。ROS 是一种广泛应用于工业和科研领域的开源机器人开发框架,它提供了一套完整的软件架构,包括硬件抽象层、通信机制、消息传递系统和大量预编写的工具和服务。 书中内容涵盖了 ROS 的核心概念,如节点(Nodes)、话题(Topics)、服务(Services)、消息(Messages)以及动作(Actions),这些都是构成机器人应用程序的基础组件。此外,作者还会引导读者如何搭建ROS工作空间(Workspaces)、安装和配置必要的软件包,以及如何利用ROS的包管理器(Package Manager)管理和分享代码。 本书还深入探讨了ROS的高级特性,例如多机器人协作、传感器集成、路径规划算法、以及与机器学习和人工智能的结合应用。此外,它还提供了实战项目和案例研究,使读者能够在实践中学习和巩固所学知识,培养实际操作和解决问题的能力。 在版权方面,所有内容受2015年Packt Publishing出版的版权保护,未经许可,不得复制、存储或通过任何形式或媒介传播,除非是在评论或文章中引用部分短小片段。尽管作者和出版社尽力确保信息的准确性,但本书提供的信息不承担任何明示或默示的担保,且不会对因使用本书内容造成的直接或间接损失负责。 Packt Publishing 在书中正确使用商标符号来标识提及的公司和产品,但不能保证这些信息的准确性。"Mastering ROS for Robotics Programming" 是一本全面且实用的指南,适合希望深入理解并运用 ROS 进行机器人编程的工程师和研究人员。通过阅读这本书,读者将能够掌握 ROS 的精髓,提升在机器人技术领域的竞争力。
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Effective Robotics Programming with ROS, Third Edition gives you a comprehensive review of ROS, the Robot Operating System framework, which is used nowadays by hundreds of research groups and companies in the robotics industry. More importantly, ROS is also the painless entry point to robotics for nonprofessionals and students. This book will guide you through the installation process of ROS, and soon enough, you will be playing with the basic tools and understanding the different elements of the framework. The content of the book can be followed without any special devices, and each chapter comes with a series of source code examples and tutorials that you can run on your own computer. This is the only thing you need to follow the book. However, we also show you how to work with hardware so that you can connect your algorithms with the real world. Special care has been taken in choosing devices that are affordable for amateur users, but at the same time, the most typical sensors or actuators in robotics research are covered. Finally, the potential of ROS is illustrated with the ability to work with whole robots in a real or simulated environment. You will learn how to create your own robot and integrate it with a simulation by using the Gazebo simulator. From here, you will have the chance to explore the different aspects of creating a robot, such as perceiving the world using computer vision or point cloud analysis, navigating through the environment using the powerful navigation stack, and even being able to control robotic arms to interact with your surroundings using the MoveIt! package. By the end of the book, it is our hope that you will have a thorough understanding of the endless possibilities that ROS gives you when developing robotic systems.What this book covers Chapter 1, Getting Started with ROS, shows the easiest way you must follow in order to have a working installation of ROS. You will see how to install ROS on different platforms, and you will use ROS Kinetic throughout the rest of the book. This chapter describes how to make an installation from Debian packages, compile the sources, and make installations in virtual machines, Docker, and ARM CPU. Chapter 2, ROS Architecture and Concepts, is concerned with the concepts and tools provided by the ROS framework. We will introduce you to nodes, topics, and services, and you will also learn how to use them. Through a series of examples, we will illustrate how to debug a node and visualize the messages published through a topic. Chapter 3, Visualization and Debugging Tools, goes a step further in order to show you powerful tools to debug your nodes and visualize the information that goes through the node's graph along with the topics. ROS provides a logging API that allows you to diagnose node problems easily. In fact, we will see some powerful graphical tools, such as rqt_console and rqt_graph, as well as visualization interfaces, such as rqt_plot and rviz. Finally, this chapter explains how to record and play back messages using rosbag and rqt_bag. Chapter 4, 3D Modeling and Simulation, constitutes one of the first steps in order to implement your own robot in ROS. It shows you how to model a robot from scratch and run it in simulation using the Gazebo simulator. You will simulate sensors, such as cameras and laser range sensors. This will later allow you to use the whole navigation stack provided by ROS and other tools. Chapter 5, The Navigation Stack – Robot Setups, is the first of two chapters concerned with the ROS navigation stack. This chapter describes how to configure your robot so that it can be used with the navigation stack. In the same way, the stack is explained, along with several examples. Chapter 6, The Navigation Stack – Beyond Setups, continues the discussion of the previous chapter by showing how we can effectively make our robot navigate autonomously. It will use the navigation stack intensively for that. This chapter shows the great potential of ROS using the Gazebo simulator and RViz to create a virtual environment in which we can build a map, localize our robot, and do path planning with obstacle avoidance. Chapter 7, Manipulation with MoveIt!, is a set of tools for mobile manipulation in ROS. This chapter contains the documentation that you need to install this package. The chapter also contains example demonstrations with robotic arms that use MoveIt! for manipulation tasks, such as grasping, picking and placing, or simple motion planning with inverse kinematics. Chapter 8, Using Sensors and Actuators with ROS, literally connects ROS with the real world. This chapter goes through a number of common sensors and actuators that are supported inROS, such as range lasers, servo motors, cameras, RGB-D sensors, and GPS. Moreover, we explain how to use embedded systems with microcontrollers, similar to the widely known Arduino boards. Chapter 9, Computer Vision, shows the support for cameras and computer vision tasks in ROS. This chapter starts with drivers available for FireWire and USB cameras so that you can connect them to your computer and capture images. You will then be able to calibrate your camera using the ROS calibration tools. Later, you will be able to use the image pipeline, which is explained in detail. Then, you will see how to use several APIs for vision and integrate OpenCV. Finally, the installation and usage of a visual odometry software is described. Chapter 10, Point Clouds, shows how to use Point Cloud Library in your ROS nodes. This chapter starts with the basics utilities, such as read or write a PCL snippet and the conversions needed to publish or subscribe to these messages. Then, you will create a pipeline with different nodes to process 3D data, and you will downsample, filter, and search for features using