低 profile 多频半模式介质集成波导天线设计

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 67, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2019 6639

Communication

Design of Low-Proﬁle Multi-Band Half-Mode Substrate-Integrated

Wave guide Antennas

Xujun Yang, Lei Ge , Yuan Ji, Xierong Zeng, and Kwai Man Luk

Abstract— An effective method of designing low-proﬁle cavity-backed

multi-band antennas is introduced based on half-mode substrate-

integrated waveguide (HMSIW) technique. By loading U-shaped strips

outside the radiating aperture of an HMSIW cavity, additional resonances

can be produced, thus leading to the realization of multi-band capability.

An inset 50  microstrip feedline is employed to energize the HMSIW

cavity, whereas the loaded strips are excited through proximity coupling

from the radiating aperture of the HMSIW. The proposed antenna is

constructed on a single-layered substrate with a low proﬁle of 0.024 free-

space wavelength. To validate the multi-band responses, prototypes of

the single-band HMSIW antenna as well as dual-band and triple-band

antennas are fabricated and measured, respectively. The experimental

results show that the proposed antennas possess advantages of stable

radiation patterns with a gain of 5–5.9 dBi as well as acceptable front-

to-back (FTB) ratio of larger than 10 dB over different frequency bands.

Index Terms— Half-mode substrate-integrated waveguide (HMSIW),

low proﬁle, multi-band antennas, U-shaped strips.

I. INTRODUCTION

Multi-band antennas with good radiation performances have under-

gone extensive development in modern wireless communications over

the past decade. Speciﬁcally, radar systems and wireless local area

networks (WLANs) demand multi-band antennas to support more

than one frequency band and provide multiple services. So far, many

techniques have been reported and investigated to realize multi-band

operation.

One of the most common methods is cutting U-slots on wideband

patch antennas [1]–[3]. Using this method, dual-band and triple-band

antennas can be generated. However, these antennas usually have

comparatively complicated structures. A simpler antenna structure

is subsequently proposed in [4], but the achie vable out-of-band

rejection between the two frequency bands is bad. On the other

hand, other types of antennas focusing on multi-band operation

have been developed and reported in [5]–[9]. Based on stub-loaded

resonators [5] and slot stepped-impedance resonators [6], antennas

Manuscript received January 6, 2019; revised May 15, 2019; accepted

June 11, 2019. Date of publication July 2, 2019; date of current version

October 4, 2019. This work was supported in part by the National Natural Sci-

ence Foundation of China under Grant 61601303, in part by the Fundamental

Research Foundation of Shenzhen under Grant JCYJ20170817095519575, and

in part by the Postgraduate Innovation Development Fund Project of Shenzhen

Uni versity under Grant ZR2019001. (Corresponding author: Lei Ge.)

X. Yang is with the College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering,

Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China.

L. Ge is with the Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen Uni-

versity, Shenzhen 518000, China (e-mail: leige@szu.edu.cn).

Y. Ji is with the Ministerial Key Laboratory of JGMT , Nanjing University

of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.

X. Zeng is with the College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen

Uni versity, Shenzhen 518000, China.

K. M. Luk is with the Department of Electronic Engineering, State Key

Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong,

Hong Kong.

Color versions of one or more of the ﬁgures in this communication are

available online at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.

Digital Object Identiﬁer 10.1109/TAP.2019.2924991

can be designed to generate multiple bands. In [7], single-feed multi-

band miniaturized patch antennas are obtained by etching inverted

U-slots on the radiating patch. Metamaterial-loaded antennas can also

be designed to achieve multi-band responses [8], [9]. Nevertheless,

although these antennas [5]–[9] own multi-band ability, they still

suffer from inherent drawbacks of low radiation gains (usually

lower than 3.2 dBi). As it is known, based on the principle of

Yagi–Uda antenna design [10], [11], a relatively high radiation gain

can be obtained. In [12], a Yagi–Uda antenna for multi-band radar

applications is proposed with a high gain of larger than 4.6 dBi.

Owing to the advantages of low loss, ease of fabrication,

and ease of integration with other circuits, substrate-integrated

waveguide (SIW) has been tremendously exploited for the design

of high-performance antennas [13]–[15]. Attempts to design minia-

turized half-mode SIW (HMSIW) cavity-backed antennas have been

made in [16] and [17]. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, few

multi-band antennas based on the HMSIW technique with broadside

radiation patterns have ever been reported. A wearable dual-band

textile HMSIW antenna operating at 2.4 and 5.8 GHz for on-body

applications was proposed in [18]. In [19], a SIW cavity-backed

annular ring-slot antenna was successfully designed. The antenna can

provide two different radiation patterns with high radiation gains at

three frequency bands.

This communication presents a new method for the realization

of multi-band cavity-backed antennas. By loading U-shaped strips

outside the radiating aperture of an HMSIW cavity, multi-band anten-

nas are realized with some attractive properties over the frequency

bands, including stable radiation patterns as well as acceptable front-

to-back (FTB) ratios. A very simple feed technique is adopted which

contributes to adjusting the impedance matching level at the desired

resonances. To validate the superiority of the proposed antennas, three

prototypes including a single-band HMSIW antenna, a dual-band

antenna, and a triple-band antenna are manufactured and measured.

Section II of this communication discusses the design procedure

of multi-band antennas, which are measured and compared with the

results discussed in Section III. Section IV covers the conclusions.

II. A

NTENNA GEOMETRY AND DESIGN PROCEDURE

In order to clearly illustrate the proposed multi-band operation,

a detailed evolution step is presented in this section. An HMSIW

antenna is ﬁrst discussed and measured. After that, dual-band and

triple-band antennas are sequentially investigated with the addition of

U-shaped strips outside the radiating aperture of the HMSIW cavity.

It should be noted that the latter’s geometry parameters are based

on the former’s ones, as shown in F ig. 1 and Table I. Reﬂection

coefﬁcients of the proposed multi-band antennas are measured by a

Keysight N5225A network analyzer, and the radiation performances

are measured by a near-ﬁeld antenna measurement system.

A. Half-Mode SIW Antenna

Fig. 1(a) shows the conﬁguration of the single-band HMSIW

antenna. The HMSIW cavity is realized based on a single-layered

See http://www .ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.

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