优化自动升降压SIMO DC-DC转换器：固定频率与高效能控制策略
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本文主要探讨了一种新型的固定频率自动升降压SIMO (Single Inductor Multiple Outputs) DC-DC转换器，其设计特点在于结合了占空比重新分配和占空比预测电流控制。这种创新的转换器在电子工程领域有着重要的应用价值，特别是在处理不同通道静态和动态不平衡负载条件下。
首先，让我们理解"固定频率自动升降压"的概念。这种类型的转换器通过保持固定的开关频率，能够在输入电压变化时自动调整输出电压，实现升降压功能，从而保证了系统的稳定性和效率。与传统的可调频率转换器相比，固定频率设计简化了电路结构，降低了复杂性，并有利于提高系统响应速度。
"占空比重新分配"是关键策略之一。在SIMO架构中，每个输出通道可能承受不同的负载，传统上这可能导致各通道的占空比不均衡，进而引发功率损耗和交叉调节问题。通过精确计算并重新分配每个通道的占空比，这种控制器可以确保所有输出在面对负载变化时都能达到最佳性能，减少平均电感电流，进而降低导通损耗。
"占空比预测电流控制"是另一个核心技术。它涉及到利用先进的算法预测未来负载需求，以便调整电源管的开关行为。这样做的目的是提前优化电流路径，减少瞬态响应中的电流波动，从而减少不必要的电流损失，并提高转换器的动态性能，特别是在应对快速负载变化时。
在控制器设计方面，文章着重于如何实现这些功能。这包括对开关顺序的精确管理，确保在固定频率下进行高效的切换，以及实时监控和调整占空比，以适应各种负载条件。此外，还可能涉及误差放大器、反馈机制以及保护电路的设计，以确保整个系统稳定可靠。
最后，"Load Transients"是指负载快速变化时的行为，这对于任何DC-DC转换器来说都是一个挑战。通过采用这种特殊的占空比管理和控制策略，该设计能够有效抑制负载变化时的交叉调节，提高响应速度和系统稳定性，这对于高精度电源应用来说至关重要。
关键词"Autobuck-boost"和"SIMO dc-dc converter"强调了本文的核心技术基础，即自动升降压技术和多输出设计，这在现代电子设备中广泛应用，如移动设备、数据中心供电系统等，对于提升能源效率和系统性能具有显著作用。
这篇文章提供了一种创新的解决方案，它将固定频率操作、有效的占空比管理以及预测电流控制技术相结合，以解决SIMO DC-DC转换器在实际应用中面临的不平衡负载问题，展示了在电子设计中如何通过智能控制策略来优化系统性能。
A Fixed-Frequency Auto-Buck-Boost SIMO DC-DC
Converter with Duty-Cycle Redistribution
and Duty-Predicted Current Control
Yanqi Zheng
*†
, Marco Ho
*
, Ka Nang Leung
*
and Jianping Guo
‡
Email: {yqzheng, mho, knleung}@ee.cuhk.edu.hk guojp3@mail.sysu.edu.cn
*
Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
†
SYSU-CMU Shunde International Joint Research Institute, Foshan, China
‡
School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
Abstract—This paper presents a fixed-frequency auto-buck-
boost SIMO dc-dc converter with duty-cycle redistribution and
duty-predicted current control. The switching sequence of the
power transistors in the power stage and the controller design
achieve fixed-frequency operation with an optimized duty-cycle
allocation, to deal with static and dynamic unbalanced loading
conditions of different channels. The proposed control scheme
reduces average inductor current for reducing conduction loss
and cross regulation during load transients.
Keywords—Auto buck-boost; SIMO dc-dc converter.
I. INTRODUCTION
Single-inductor multiple-output (SIMO) dc-dc converter is
a potential solution to provide different supply voltages and
output power to an IC system [1]–[4]. Typically, multiple and
variable supply voltages are needed in an IC system to achieve
power-performance optimization in different operation modes
such as the standby, normal and full-power conditions. In some
cases such as when an embedded processor working under
dynamic-voltage scaling (DVS), the provided supply voltage is
not always fixed. The supply voltage is sometimes lower than
or higher than the source voltage, to achieve power-saving in
the standby mode and to provide high power in the full-power
mode, respectively. Therefore, neither buck converter nor fixed
boost converter is suitable, and in general, non-inverting
flyback (NIF) converter is commonly used. However, due to
the switching sequence of the power transistors in the power
stage, the average inductor current of a NIF converter is much
higher than those of the buck and boost counterparts [2]. As a
result, the conduction loss due to non-zero on-resistance of the
power transistors, routing resistance and bondwire resistance
are high when the average inductor current is high. This
significantly degrades the overall power efficiency of a NIF
SIMO converter. Moreover, fixed-frequency operation is
generally preferred since the known frequency of the switching
noise can be reduced by well-designed filters. However, fixed
frequency for SIMO converter implies that the duty cycle for
each channel is no longer independent of each other, which
contributes to cross-regulation problem [1]. As a result,
algorithms for evaluating optimized duty cycles for each
channel are needed.
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, this paper
introduces a fixed-frequency auto-buck-boost SIMO dc-dc
converter with duty-cycle redistribution and duty-predicted
current control technique, to cover a wide range of output
voltage and output current. The proposed control scheme will
be demonstrated by the operation to achieve low average
inductor current and hence high power efficiency.
II. R
EVIEW OF NIF SCHEME
To understand the drawbacks of the NIF scheme in the
SIMO dc-dc converter design, some important backgrounds of
a SIMO dc-dc converter are included in this section. Fig. 1(a)
shows a well-known power stage of a SIMO dc-dc converter
which provides N output voltages (i.e. V
O1
, V
O2
, …, V
ON
) and
their corresponding output currents (i.e. I
O1
, I
O2
, …, I
ON
) from
the source voltage (V
IN
). There is only a single inductor (L
1
)
and N output capacitors (C
1
to C
N
). It is noted that I
L
is the
inductor current of L
1
. The ON/OFF of the power switches
(SW1−SW3 and SW1X−SWNX) are controlled by a
controller/driver circuit where its operation is based on the
feedback voltages from the N outputs and the sensed inductor
The work described in this paper was partly supported by grants from the
Research Grant Council of Hong Kong SAR Government under project
number CUHK 414210, and by a grant from National Natural Science
Foundation of China under 61204035.
time
I
L
1
slope 0
IN ON
VV
L
−
=>
Buck (V
ON
< V
IN
)
time
I
L
Boost (V
ON
> V
IN
)
1
slope 0
IN ON
VV
L
−
=<
time
I
L
0
0
slope
1
>
−
=
L
V
IN
Charging case
Fig. 1(b)
Fig. 1(c)
Fig. 1(d)
time
I
L
Power-delivering case without supply (Discharging case)
1
0
slope 0
ON
V
L
−
=<
Fig. 1(e)
Fig. 1(a)
L
1
V
ON
I
ON
C
N
I
L
SW2
SWNX
V
X2
V
X1
C
IN
L
1
I
L
SW1
SW3
V
X1
V
X2
V
IN
time
I
L
Freewheel case
0
00
slope
1
=
−
=
L
L
1
I
L
SW2 SW3
V
X2
V
X1
L
1
V
ON
I
ON
C
N
V
IN
C
IN
I
L
SW1
SWNX
V
X1
V
X2
Power-delivering case with supply
L
1
C
IN
V
IN
I
L
C
1
C
2
C
N
V
ON
V
O2
V
O1
I
O1
I
O2
I
ON
SW1
SW2
SW3
SW1X
SW2X
SWNX
V
X1
V
X2
V
O1
SW1
SW2
SW3
SW1X
SW2X SWNX
Controller
V
O2
V
ON
kI
L
Sensed inductor current
where k (<< 1) is scalar
Driver
Fig. 1. (a) A SIMO dc-dc converter, (b)−(e) Four possible switchin
g
combinations and the corresponding inductor
-
current waveforms.
978-1-4799-8391-9/15/$31.00 ©2015 IEEE 225
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