Oracle 12c Linux 安装指南(英文版)：E85758-01

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Oracle Database Installation Guide for Linux, 12c Release 2 (12.2), 是一份详细的文档，专为Oracle 12c Release 2在Linux环境下的安装提供了全面的指导。这份英文版手册由Oracle及其关联公司于2017年6月发布，版权归属于Oracle及相关方，保留所有权利。主要作者是Prakash Jashnani，而Conributing Authors包括Douglas Williams、Aparna Kamath等众多经验丰富的技术专家，如David Austin、Neha Avasthy等人也对文档做出了贡献。该文档涵盖了安装过程中的各个步骤，包括但不限于系统准备、硬件和软件需求、数据库组件的配置、网络设置、安全性考量、数据库实例的创建与初始化、数据文件和控制文件的管理，以及故障恢复和备份策略。此外，还包含了特定于Oracle 12c Release 2的新功能和技术细节，确保用户能了解如何高效、安全地部署和维护Oracle数据库在Linux平台上的运行。文档中的每个章节都深入浅出，提供了清晰的步骤和示例，旨在帮助管理员和开发者理解安装流程，解决可能遇到的问题，并优化性能。无论是初次接触Oracle的用户，还是经验丰富的技术人员，都能从中找到所需的信息。值得注意的是，这份文档不仅适用于Oracle Database的安装，还包括了必要的系统集成和优化建议，以确保系统的稳定性和高可用性。 Oracle Database Installation Guide for Linux, 12c Release 2 是一个宝贵的资源，对于任何想要在Linux环境中部署和管理Oracle 12c数据库的人来说，它是不可或缺的学习和参考工具。通过遵循这份文档，读者能够确保他们的数据库安装工作按计划进行，同时也能提升对Oracle数据库架构和管理的理解。

For more information, see About Direct NFS Client Mounts to NFS Storage

Devices

• Direct NFS Dispatcher Support

Starting with Oracle Database 12c Release 2 (12.2), Oracle Direct NFS Client

supports adding a dispatcher or I/O slave infrastructure. For very large database

deployments running Direct NFS client, this feature facilitates scaling of sockets

and TCP connections to multi-path and clustered NFS storage.

For more information, see About Direct NFS Client Mounts to NFS Storage

Devices

• Kerberos Authentication for Direct NFS

Starting with Oracle Database 12c Release 2 (12.2), Oracle Database supports

Kerberos implementation with Direct NFS communication. This feature solves the

problem of authentication, message integrity, and optional encryption over

unsecured networks for data exchanged between Oracle Database and NFS

servers using Direct NFS protocols.

For more information, see Creating an oranfstab File for Direct NFS Client

• Separation of Duty for Administering Oracle Real Application Clusters

Starting with Oracle Database 12c Release 2 (12.2), Oracle Database provides

support for separation of duty best practices when administering Oracle Real

Application Clusters (Oracle RAC) by introducing the SYSRAC administrative

privilege for the clusterware agent. This feature removes the need to use the

powerful SYSDBA administrative privilege for Oracle RAC.

SYSRAC, like SYSDG, SYSBACKUP, and SYSKM, helps enforce separation of

duties and reduce reliance on the use of SYSDBA on production systems. This

administrative privilege is the default mode for connecting to the database by the

clusterware agent on behalf of the Oracle RAC utilities such as srvctl.

For more information, see Extended Oracle Database Groups for Job Role

Separation

• AL32UTF8 As the Default Database Character Set

Starting with Oracle Database 12c Release 2 (12.2), the default database

character set of a database created from the General Purpose/Transaction

Processing or the Data Warehousing template is Unicode AL32UTF8. Oracle

recommends that you use Unicode AL32UTF8 as the database character set.

For more information, see About Character Set Selection During Installation

• Single-instance Configurations and Operations supported by Rapid Home

Provisioning

Starting with Oracle Grid Infrastructure 12c Release 2 (12.2), Rapid Home

Provisioning adds support for installing and configuring single-instance Oracle

Databases. These may be on nodes with or without Oracle Grid Infrastructure

installed. Rapid Home Provisioning does not support single-instance databases for

Oracle Restart configurations.

Starting with Oracle Grid Infrastructure 12c Release 2 (12.2), Rapid Home

Provisioning also supports Oracle Database upgrades.

For more information, see About Deploying Oracle Database Using Rapid Home

Provisioning

• Preserve Home Path during Updates with Rapid Home Provisioning

Changes in this Release for Oracle Database

xvi

Rapid Home Provisioning leverages a new filesystem capability which allows for

separation of gold image software from the site-specific configuration changes, so

the home path remains unchanged throughout updates. This capability is available

starting with Oracle Database 12c Release 2 (12.2) and Oracle Grid Infrastructure

12c Release 2 (12.2), and combines the benefits of in-place and out-of-place

patching.

This feature does not apply to Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server or

Oracle Restart configurations.

• Postinstallation Configuration of Oracle Software using the -executeConfigTools

option

Starting with Oracle Database 12c Release 2 (12.2), you can perform

postinstallation configuration of Oracle products by running the Oracle Database

or Oracle Grid Infrastructure installer with the -executeConfigTools option.

You can use the same response file created during installation to complete

postinstallation configuration.

For more information, see Installing and Configuring Oracle Database Using

Response Files

New Features for Oracle Automatic Storage Management 12c Release 2 (12.2)

• Automatic Configuration of Oracle ASM Filter Driver

Starting with Oracle Database 12c Release 2 (12.2), you can enable and automate

the configuration of Oracle ASM Filter Driver (Oracle ASMFD) with a check box

during the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation.

For more information, see About Oracle ASM with Oracle ASM Filter Driver

• Oracle ACFS Snapshot-Based Replication

The Oracle Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System (Oracle ACFS)

snapshot-based replication feature uses Oracle ACFS snapshot technology to

transfer the differences between successive snapshots to the standby file system

using standard ssh transport protocol. Oracle ACFS Snapshot-based replication is

more efficient with higher performance, lower overhead, and ease of management.

For more information, see Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's

Guide

• Oracle ACFS Compression

Oracle ACFS provides file system compression functionality, reducing storage

requirement, and resulting in lower costs. Oracle ACFS compression is managed

using the new

acfsutil compress

commands and updates to the

acfsutil info

command.

For more information, see Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's

Guide

• Oracle ACFS Defragger

Databases that share storage with snapshots or with the base of the file system

can become fragmented under active online transaction processing (OLTP)

workloads. This fragmentation can cause the location of the data in the volume to

be discontiguous for sequential scans. Oracle ACFS automatically defragments

these files in the background.

For more information, see Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's

Guide

Changes in this Release for Oracle Database

xvii

• Oracle ACFS Support for 4K Sectors

Oracle ACFS supports I/O requests in multiples of 4K logical sector sizes as well

as continued support for 512-byte logical sector size I/O requests. The i4096

option is provided with the acfsformat command on Microsoft Windows and the

mkfs command in Linux and Oracle Solaris environments.

For more information, see Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's

Guide

• Oracle ACFS Automatic Resize

Oracle ACFS provides an automatic resize option with the acfsutil size

command. This command enables you to specify an increment by which an Oracle

ACFS file system grows automatically if the amount of available free space in the

file system falls below a specified amount. There is also an option to specify the

maxiOracle ACFS plugins support file content data collection. Both polling and

interval based capture are supported with the file content collection.mum size

allowed when using the automatic resize option. The output of the acfsutil

info fs command displays the automatic resize increment and maximum

amounts.

For more information, see Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's

Guide

• Oracle ACFS Metadata Acceleration

Oracle ACFS supports accelerator metadata storage. This support enables many

critical Oracle ACFS metadata structures, including extent metadata, storage

bitmaps, volume logs, and some snapshot metadata to be placed on accelerator

storage.

For more information, see Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's

Guide

• Oracle ACFS Plugins for File Content Data Collection

Oracle ACFS plugins support file content data collection. Both, polling and interval

based capture are supported with the file content collection.

For more information, see Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's

Guide

• Oracle ACFS Sparse Files

Oracle ACFS provides support for sparse files. Oracle ACFS sparse files greatly

benefit NFS client write operations, which are commonly received out of order by

the NFS server and the associated Oracle ACFS file system.

For more information, see Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's

Guide

• Oracle ACFS Scrubbing Functionality

Oracle ACFS provides scrubbing functionality with the acfsutil scrub

command to check for and report any inconsistencies in the metadata or file data.

For more information, see Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's

Guide

• High Availability Common Internet File System

Release 12.2 enhances Oracle ACFS Common Internet File System (CIFS)

features to provide high availability for exported file systems with the Oracle ACFS

Changes in this Release for Oracle Database

xviii

The Oracle ASM filter driver (Oracle ASMFD) feature is available starting with

Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2).

Oracle ASMFD is a kernel module that resides in the I/O path of the Oracle ASM

disks.

Oracle ASMFD rejects any write requests that are not issued by Oracle software.

This action eliminates accidental overwrites of Oracle ASM disks that can cause

corruption in an Oracle ASM disk and files within the disk group.

The filter has additional functionality to fence I/Os from entities that are no longer

communicating with Oracle ASM.

For more information, see:

Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide

• Root Scripts Automation

Starting with Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1), Oracle Universal Installer

provides options to automatically run root configuration scripts required during a

grid infrastructure installation. You also have the option to manually run the root

configuration scripts.

• Oracle Flex ASM

Oracle Flex ASM enables an Oracle ASM instance to run on a separate physical

server from the database servers. Many Oracle ASM instances can be clustered to

support a large number of database clients.

Oracle Database instances can be set up as clients to Oracle Flex ASM where

metadata is provided to the database instance by an Oracle Flex ASM instance

that may be on a different node than the database instance.

Note that Oracle Flex ASM can apply to a collection of databases, each one a

single instance but running in a Flex ASM Cluster.

For more information about Oracle Flex ASM, see:

Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide

• Deinstallation Tool Integrated with Installation Media

Starting with Oracle Database 12c, the deinstallation tool is integrated with the

database installation media and is no longer provided on a separate installation

media.

For more information, see:

Oracle Database Upgrade Guide

• Simplified Oracle Label Security Installation

Starting with Oracle Database 12c, Oracle Label Security is installed by default as

part of the Oracle Database installation. You can no longer select Oracle Label

Security as a custom component during an Enterprise Edition database

installation.

For more information, see:

Oracle Label Security Administrator's Guide

• Simplified Oracle Database Vault Installation

Starting with Oracle Database 12c, Oracle Database Vault is installed by default

as part of the Oracle Database installation. However, you can configure, enable, or

Changes in this Release for Oracle Database

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