太赫兹通信：内存辅助角分复用MAC协议提升网络性能

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"MA-ADM：太赫兹通信网络中的内存辅助角分复用MAC协议" 在当前的无线通信领域，太赫兹（Terahertz，THz）频段通信被视为解决超高速无线链接需求的关键技术，它有潜力开启纳米网络的新篇章。本文探讨的是一种针对THz通信网络设计的创新性媒体访问控制（MAC）协议，名为内存辅助角分复用（Memory-Assisted Angular-Division Multiplexing，MA-ADM）。这一协议利用3D量化角度空间，将接入点（Access Point, AP）的服务区域划分为多个角度时隙，以实现高效的数据传输。 MA-ADM协议的核心思想是结合角度分割复用（Angular-Division Multiplexing, ADM）和内存辅助机制。在服务发现阶段，节点配备了全向天线，便于搜索AP并建立连接。一旦连接建立，节点则切换到定向天线进行数据传输。内存辅助机制允许AP通过存储已注册节点的角度信息，避免在未注册的角度时隙上浪费资源，从而优化网络性能。文章中，作者们推导了基于MA-ADM协议的太赫兹网络中几个关键性能指标的解析模型，包括干扰、信干噪比（Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio, SINR）、中断概率、吞吐量和时延。这些模型对于理解协议的运行机制以及评估其性能至关重要。通过仿真和数值分析，研究结果显示，与传统的无内存辅助的ADM方案相比，MA-ADM协议能显著提升网络吞吐量，超过15%的增益，同时明显降低通信延迟。这一改进意味着在高密度、高速率的THz网络环境中，MA-ADM协议能够提供更稳定、更高效的通信服务。 MA-ADM协议是THz通信网络的一种有效解决方案，它利用内存辅助机制优化了ADM的性能，减少了网络中的冲突和延迟，提升了整体的通信效率。这项工作为未来THz通信网络的设计和优化提供了理论依据和实用参考。

Nano Communication Networks 13 (2017) 51–59

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

Nano Communication Networks

journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/nanocomnet

MA-ADM: A memory-assisted angular-division-multiplexing MAC

protocol in Terahertz communication networks

Chong Han

a,b,

*, Wenqian Tong

, Xin-Wei Yao

University of Michigan–Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

Shenzhen Institute of Terahertz Technology and Innovation, Shenzhen, 518101, China

College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China

a r t i c l e i n f o

Article history:

Received 31 July 2017

Accepted 3 August 2017

Available online 14 August 2017

Keywords:

Terahertz band

Medium access control

Angular-division-multiplexing

Quantized angular space

a b s t r a c t

Terahertz band communication is envisioned as a key technology to satisfy the increasing demand for

ultra-high-speed wireless links and enable interconnections in a nanonetwork. In this paper, a memory-

assisted medium access control (MAC) protocol with angular-division-multiplexing (ADM) is proposed for

THz communication networks. The service region of an access point (AP) is divided into multiple angular

slots by exploiting the 3D quantized angular space, For efficient service discovery and communications,

a node equips with (i) the omni-directional antennas at the service discovery phase, and (ii) directional

antennas for message transmissions. Moreover, the memory is leveraged in the ADM scheme to assist the

AP to skip the unregistered angular slots to improve the network performance. Based on the proposed

MAC protocol, the analytical models of the interference, SINR, outage probability, throughput and the

delay in the THz network are derived respectively. According to the simulation and numerical analysis,

the results show that our proposed MAC protocol can effectively improve the throughput by over 15% and

substantially reduce the delay, in comparison with the ADM scheme without the memory guidance.

1. Introduction

The Terahertz (0.1–10 THz) band provides wireless communi-

cation devices with an unprecedentedly large bandwidth, ranging

from several tens of GHz up to a few THz, which can satisfy the

increasing demand of 100 Gbps and even 1 Tbps data rates within

the next decade [1]. The use of this frequency band is envisioned to

address the spectrum scarcity and capacity limitations of current

wireless systems, and boost a plethora of applications, including

ultra-high-speed indoor wireless links (e.g., for virtual reality and

augmented reality), and wireless backhaul and access in small

cell networks [2]. In addition to macro/micro-scale applications,

the THz band will also enable wireless communication among

nanoscale machines or nanomachines [3]. The state of the art

in nanoscale transceivers and antennas points to the THz band

as their frequency range of operation [4]. Applications that are

enabled by the nanomachines range from advanced health mon-

itoring systems to chemical attack prevention systems, wireless

networks on chip to the Internet of Nano-things [5].

Thanks to the very small wavelength at THz frequencies, very

large antenna arrays realizing ultra-massive MIMO [6] can be used

Corresponding author at: University of Michigan–Shanghai Jiao Tong Univer-

sity Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

E-mail addresses: chong.han@sjtu.edu.cn (C. Han), light123star@sjtu.edu.cn

(W. Tong), xwyao@zjut.edu.cn (X.-W. Yao).

to enable directional transmissions in the THz network, to over-

come the very high path loss and the limited communication dis-

tance. The highly directional and the ultra-high-speed links in the

network design introduce the following challenges that motivate

this work. First, the focus of the network solutions needs to shift

from access contention to coordination and scheduling. Further-

more, the coordination and scheduling should be compatible with

the very high data rates, the unique channel and physical proper-

ties of the THz band. Second, the interference models that were

studied for omni-directional transmissions need to be revisited in

the THz network. Third, although directional links can substantially

improve the system performance, the difficulty for network dis-

covery increases and the associated deafness problem [7] might

arise. Therefore, the efficiency and performance between the ser-

vice discovery and the data communication need to be balanced.

In this work, we focus on the fundamental problem of the

network design: medium access control (MAC), in a centralized

network. We exploit the quantized angular space and propose a

memory-assisted MAC protocol with angular-division-multiplexing

(ADM) for THz communication networks. The distinctive features

of our work are summarized as follows. First, we present the cen-

tralized THz network architecture, in which there are one access

point (AP) and multiple nodes. The directional links between the

AP and the nodes are confined into a number of angular slots.

Based on the THz communication models, we propose a memory-

assisted MAC protocol with ADM. A flowchart for the protocol is

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nancom.2017.08.001

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