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首页dot语言参考手册:快速上手与高级特性详解
"《dot语言参考手册》是一份权威的文档,专为理解和应用赫赫有名的dot语言设计。dot语言是一种强大的图形绘制工具,主要用于创建各种类型的控制流图,包括有向图的布局、节点和边的管理、数据结构的可视化(如通过"记录"形状和"端口")以及模块间的依赖关系表示。它提供了多种功能,如自动调整布局算法、可扩展的接口支持(如命令行程序、网络服务和图形用户界面),以及底层的文件语言,支持流式图形处理工具。 该手册的核心部分展示了如何使用dot来绘制复杂的图形,例如给出了一个SML-NJ编译器的简化模块依赖图实例,这表明了dot在大型软件工程中的实际应用,可以在短时间内生成清晰的图形表示。此外,手册还列出了诸如ContMap、FreeMap等模块名,这些是dot语言中用于实现特定功能的函数或类,涵盖了图形构建的各个方面,如控制流操作(CPS)、错误处理(ErrorMsg)、优化(CPSopt)、转换(Convert)和代码生成(SparcMCode)等。 值得注意的是,dot语言的语法和使用方法在手册中详细解释,包括如何编写配置文件,处理各种数据类型(如IEEEReal、SparcInstr等),以及处理抽象语法树(AbstractFct)、类型检查(Typecheck)和输出格式(PrintAbsyn)。对于编程者来说,这份手册不仅是学习dot语言的基础,也是解决实际问题的实用指南。 《dot语言参考手册》为用户提供了一个全面的学习平台,无论是初次接触dot的新手,还是希望深入掌握其高级特性的开发者,都能从中受益匪浅。通过查阅和实践手册中的示例,读者可以迅速提升对dot语言的理解和操控能力,进而高效地创建和展示复杂的控制流图。"
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dot User’s Manual, January 26, 2006 7
1: digraph G {
2: a -> b -> c;
3: b -> d;
4: a [shape=polygon,sides=5,peripheries=3,color=lightblue,style=filled];
5: c [shape=polygon,sides=4,skew=.4,label="hello world"]
6: d [shape=invtriangle];
7: e [shape=polygon,sides=4,distortion=.7];
8: }
Figure 5: Graph with polygonal shapes
a
b
hello world d
e
Figure 6: Drawing of polygonal node shapes
1: digraph structs {
2: node [shape=record];
3: struct1 [shape=record,label="<f0> left|<f1> mid\ dle|<f2> right"];
4: struct2 [shape=record,label="<f0> one|<f1> two"];
5: struct3 [shape=record,label="hello\nworld |{ b |{c|<here> d|e}| f}| g | h"];
6: struct1 -> struct2;
7: struct1 -> struct3;
8: }
Figure 7: Records with nested fields
默认形状是椭圆
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dot User’s Manual, January 26, 2006 8
Multi-line labels can be created by using the escape sequences \n, \l, \r to
terminate lines that are centered, or left or right justified.
2
Graphs and cluster subgraphs may also have labels. Graph labels appear, by
default, centered below the graph. Setting labelloc=t centers the label above
the graph. Cluster labels appear within the enclosing rectangle, in the upper left
corner. The value labelloc=b moves the label to the bottom of the rectangle.
The setting labeljust=r moves the label to the right.
The default font is 14-point Times-Roman, in black. Other font families,
sizes and colors may be selected using the attributes fontname, fontsize and
fontcolor. Font names should be compatible with the target interpreter. It is
best to use only the standard font families Times, Helvetica, Courier or Symbol
as these are guaranteed to work with any target graphics language. For example,
Times-Italic, Times-Bold, and Courier are portable; AvanteGarde-
DemiOblique isn’t.
For bitmap output, such as GIF or JPG, dot relies on having these fonts avail-
able during layout. Most precompiled installations of Graphviz use the fontconfig
library for matching font names to available fontfiles. fontconfig comes with a
set of utilities for showing matches and installing fonts. Please refer to the font-
config documentation, or the external Graphviz FontFAQ or for further details. If
Graphviz is built without fontconfig (which usually means you compiled it from
source code on your own), the fontpath attribute can specify a list of directo-
ries
3
which should be searched for the font files. If this is not set, dot will use the
DOTFONTPATH environment variable or, if this is not set, the GDFONTPATH
environment variable. If none of these is set, dot uses a built-in list.
Edge labels are positioned near the center of the edge. Usually, care is taken to
prevent the edge label from overlapping edges and nodes. It can still be difficult,
in a complex graph, to be certain which edge a label belongs to. If the decorate
attribute is set to true, a line is drawn connecting the label to its edge. Sometimes
avoiding collisions among edge labels and edges forces the drawing to be bigger
than desired. If labelfloat=true, dot does not try to prevent such overlaps,
allowing a more compact drawing.
An edge can also specify additional labels, using headlabel and taillabel,
which are be placed near the ends of the edge. The characteristics of these la-
bels are specified using the attributes labelfontname, labelfontsize and
labelfontcolor. These labels are placed near the intersection of the edge and
the node and, as such, may interfere with them. To tune a drawing, the user can set
2
The escape sequence \N is an internal symbol for node names.
3
For Unix-based systems, this is a concatenated list of pathnames, separated by colons. For
Windows-based systems, the pathnames are separated by semi-colons.
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