ODROID Magazine 201402：探索Linux游戏与高性能计算

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"ODROID-Magazine-201402.pdf" 这期《ODROID Magazine》是2014年2月刊，是Hard Kernel公司为全球ODROID和开源社区提供的一项免费月刊电子杂志服务。杂志专注于ARM技术的最新动态，特别关注ODROID系列微型高性能计算机的发展和应用。在本期杂志中，读者可以了解到： 1. I/O Shield access：介绍如何访问和利用ODROID的输入输出保护罩，帮助用户更好地理解和操作硬件接口。 2. 学习Rebol基础：引导读者安装并学习Rebol编程语言，这是一种轻量级、强大的脚本语言，适合初学者入门。 3. 打造巨型平板：展示如何将ODROID转化为一个大型平板电脑，提升Android体验，实现个性化定制。 4. 遇见ODROIDian Mauro Ribeiro：Mauro Ribeiro是高级软件工程师，他的经验分享有助于读者深入了解ODROID的开发和应用。 5. Linux游戏与模拟器：探讨在ODROID上运行Linux游戏和使用模拟器的可能性，扩展娱乐功能。 6. 多账户游戏（Multiboxing）的艺术：教授如何通过ODROID实现多账户同时在线游戏，提高游戏体验。 7. ODROID XU构建802.11ac路由器：利用ODROID XU搭建高速路由器，实现高达433Mbps的网络速度。 8. 高性能家庭计算：讨论在家中构建高性能计算环境，实现对设备的精细控制。 9. 估算无线电网络干扰：通过Java多线程技术分析和估计无线电网络中的干扰问题，优化网络性能。 10. USB Gadget驱动程序：深入讲解USB Gadget驱动的使用，让读者能够充分利用ODROID的设备端口进行各种操作。 11. 立即开始编程：鼓励读者迅速掌握编程技能，无论新手还是专家，都能在ODROID平台上找到适合自己的学习路径。《ODROID Magazine》作为面向各层次用户的指南，提供了丰富的教程和深度文章，旨在推动ODROID用户群体的成长和发展，同时也是开源社区交流和学习的重要平台。每一篇文章都旨在帮助用户充分利用ODROID的强大性能，挖掘其在个人计算、游戏、网络服务和嵌入式系统等领域的潜力。

ODROID MAGAZINE 8

n the previous issue of ODROID

Magazine, we discussed the ben

efits of using ODROIDs for High

Performance Computing (HPC), in

addition to various discoveries while

working with XU+E’s related to set

ting up our own cluster in a commer-

cial setting. But what about the home

user that wants to experiment with

HPC? In part one of this multi-part

series, we outline the setup and con

figuration of a basic “headless” cluster

with the end goal of running parallel

programs based on message passing,

using the Message Passing Interface

(MPI) parallel programming model in

particular.

In subsequent articles, we plan to

expand on this setup to build a cluster

with a centralized head system or node,

complete with services such as Puppet,

NFS, and LDAP, a configuration that

is capable of supporting a much larger

number of ODROID systems (nodes)

configured as an HPC cluster. For ex

ample, in part two, we will cover basic

networking configuration of the head

node, including dnsmasq, NAT, and

adding more nodes to the cluster, while

in part three (and further installments),

we will cover additional services such

as LDAP, NFS, Autofs and Puppet.

Installing the

Operating System

ere are a number of prebuilt Linux

operating systems available for ODROID

boards from http://dn.odroid.in. To get

started, download the Ubuntu Server

image for your ODROID model and ex

tract the .IMG.XZ archived image using

an archiving tool such as 7zip on win

dows, or by typing “xz” from the Linux

command line. Finally, you can copy

to the medium of your choice, such as

an SD card or an eMMC module, us

ing the “dd” command on Linux/OS

X systems or the Win32DiskImager.exe

for ODROID on Windows. For more

detailed instructions on copying over

the OS, please refer to Bohdan Lech

nowsky’s article titled “Installing an OS

on an ODROID” from the January

2014 issue of ODROID Magazine. We

recommend using the eMMC modules

available from Hardkernel for better per

formance, but SD cards work well too.

Connecting to your

Odroid and User

Configuration

Since we opted to use the Ubuntu

Server image for our ODROIDs, we can

connect to our XU-E systems (we’ll call

them nodes for simplicity from now on)

via the ssh protocol using Terminal (or

Putty if running Windows) in order to

continue setting up our cluster. Because

of potential initial hostname and MAC

address conicts that we will resolve in

the next section, we will need to boot the

rst ODROID and set a few settings be

fore starting the second.

[Editor’s Note: If one is available, a de-

velopment machine running Linux or

Windows is recommended to more easily

setup and reboot the cluster, troubleshoot

hardware problems, and other necessary

debugging. An alternative to using a

separate computer is to plug a USB key-

board and HDMI cable into the rst

ODROID and use it directly to boot-

strap the cluster instead of via SSH as de-

scribed in the next few paragraphs. Press

Ctrl-Alt-F1 to use the framebuer con-

high

PerforManCe

CoMPuting

at hoMe

CoMPute like you

never did before

Cooper Filby and Anthony Skjellum -

Runtime Computing Solutions LLC

HPC AT HOME

If this doesn’t make you want to make a Voltron

based cluster using five ODROIDs, we cannot

be held responsible for the giant robots that

may someday take over your hometown.

ODROID MAGAZINE 9

sole

i f

X11

is not run-

ning.]

In order to connect to your

ODROID, you’ll need to discover the

hostname or IP address of the board.

For the Ubuntu server image we used

on our XU+E cluster, the default host

name is “odroid-server”, while for other

images we’ve used, it’s been “odroid”.

Most home networks should support

DNS by default, which will allow you to

connect simply by the hostname. If this

fails, you can alternatively connect using

the IP address assigned to the ODROID

by your router instead. If neither of the

hostnames resolves for you, check your

router’s lease table to search for the IP

address, often labeled as the DHCP cli

ent table in the router’s admin panel.

Since we used identical copies of the

same image on both nodes, by default

they had a hostname conict, which we

resolved by bringing them online one at

a time, then changing the individual net

work settings. If you don’t have access

to the router’s admin panel, you can also

make use of the nmap command to

scan your network for hosts to nd

the ODROIDs, if you know your

network information. For ex

ample: “nmap 192.168.1.0/24”.

Look for a host that has port 22

open.

Power on one of the

ODROIDs, then enter “ssh

odroid@ubuntu-server” (or

“ssh odroid@xxx.xx.xx.xxx”,

if using the IP address) in the

Terminal or Putty window of

the host computer, which will

establish a secure connection to

the ODROID. To login, type

“odroid” as the password.

Once the command prompt ap

pears, you may want to run “sudo apt-

get update && sudo apt-get upgrade” to

ensure that your OS is up to date. Fur

thermore, we recommend you run the

“passwd” command and change the pass

word for the odroid user to something a

little more secure, or creating new user

accounts with the “adduser” command,

such as by running “sudo adduser kilroy”.

(Generally speaking, do three things key

with your node passwords: make them

long, make them hard to guess, and store

it in a secure location.)

Configuring

Networking

Before getting both ODROIDs on-

line, we need to change a few settings as

to eliminate hostname and MAC address

conicts that may occur on your home

network with an ODROID cluster. To

change the hostname, we will need to

edit two les, /etc/hostname and /etc/

hosts, changing “odroid-server’ to the

hostname of your choice and rebooting

the machine so the changes take eect.

For the purposes of this article we will

use odroid-server0 and odroid- server1

to refer to the rst and second ODROID

respectively. Alternatively, if your operat

ing system supports it, you can also type

“sudo odroid-cong” to change the host

name. You can use other names of your

choice; they have to be unique to each

node.

e MAC address conict was a sub

tle issue that we encountered when we

rst set up multiple ODROID XU+E’s.

We found that, by default, the onboard

ethernet devices all shared the same

MAC address, which made it impossible

to work on a single ODROID if mul

tiple were powered online and on the

same network. If the two ODROIDs

you’re working have identical MAC ad

dresses, there are two straightforward

ways to resolve this: 1) congure one (or

both) of the ODROIDs to use a dierent

MACaddress, or 2) setup USB ethernet

dongles, which should all have unique

MAC addresses. e specic values you

choose really don’t matter, as long as you

keep them unique on your Local Area

Network (LAN).

To change the MAC address of the

onboard device, edit

/etc/network/

interfaces with your text editor of

choice, and add the line “hwaddress

ether newmac”, where newmac is an ad

dress in the format “b6:8d:67:7b:cb:e0”

underneath the following labels:

auto eth0

iface eth0 inet dhcp

en, reboot the ODROID so the

changes take eect. Make sure to verify

the new address using the ifcong com

mand. Alternatively, you can opt to plug

your USB Ethernet adapters into the

USB 3.0 slot, and then run “ifcong -a |

grep eth”, which should yield a list simi

lar to this:

eth0 Link encap:Ethernet

HWaddr b6:8d:67:7b:cb:e0

eth2 Link encap:Ethernet

HWaddr 00:13:3b:99:92:b1

By default, eth0 will be the onboard

10/100 ethernet connection, while the

second ethernet device (in this case,

HPC AT HOME

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ODROID Magazine 201402：探索Linux游戏与高性能计算

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