Objective-C入门指南：iOS应用开发

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"Objective-C是苹果公司开发的一种面向对象的编程语言，主要应用于iOS和macOS平台的软件开发。本书《Objective-C for iPhone Developers: A Beginner’s Guide》由James A. Brannan撰写，旨在帮助初学者快速掌握iOS应用开发技术。" Objective-C是Apple在其操作系统（包括iOS和macOS）上构建应用程序的主要编程语言之一。它基于C语言，并添加了Smalltalk式的消息传递机制和Objective-C特定的语法，使得它在处理面向对象编程时更加灵活。Objective-C的引入极大地推动了苹果生态系统中的软件开发。 1. **面向对象编程基础**：Objective-C的核心概念包括类、对象、继承、多态和封装。开发者需要理解这些概念来创建可重用的代码模块，以构建复杂的应用程序架构。 2. **消息传递**：Objective-C的对象通过发送消息来进行交互。这种机制与传统的函数调用不同，消息传递允许对象间动态绑定，增加了程序的灵活性和可扩展性。 3. **Foundation框架**：Objective-C的开发离不开Foundation框架，它提供了一系列基本数据类型、集合类和系统服务。例如，NSArray、NSDictionary和NSString等都是Foundation框架中的重要组成部分。 4. **Cocoa Touch**：对于iOS开发，Cocoa Touch是主要的开发框架，它包含了一系列UI组件和事件处理机制，如UIButton、UILabel和UIViewController，让开发者可以轻松创建用户界面。 5. **Interface Builder**：Apple的Interface Builder是一个可视化设计工具，可以与Xcode集成，用于设计和布局应用程序的用户界面，使得非程序员也能参与到UI设计中。 6. **Xcode IDE**：Objective-C的开发通常在Xcode集成开发环境中进行，它提供了代码编辑、调试、构建和测试等一系列功能，是iOS和macOS开发者的首选工具。 7. **ARC（Automatic Reference Counting）**：Objective-C的内存管理机制之一，自动引用计数简化了手动内存管理，防止了内存泄漏和过早释放等问题。 8. **Blocks和Grand Central Dispatch (GCD)**：Objective-C支持Blocks，这是一种内联函数，常用于异步编程和并发处理。GCD是Apple提供的多线程解决方案，可以帮助开发者更高效地利用多核处理器。 9. **App Store审核指南**：在发布iOS应用到App Store之前，开发者需要遵循Apple的审核指南，确保应用符合用户体验、隐私政策和性能要求。 10. **持续学习与更新**：随着Swift语言的推出，Objective-C的使用虽有所减少，但仍有大量已有的代码库和项目使用Objective-C。开发者需要不断学习和适应Apple平台的新技术和最佳实践。《Objective-C for iPhone Developers: A Beginner’s Guide》这本书将帮助初学者了解Objective-C语言的基础知识，以及如何利用这些知识在iOS平台上构建应用程序。通过阅读本书，读者将能够熟悉开发环境，理解面向对象编程，学习如何使用UIKit和Cocoa Touch构建交互式UI，并最终实现一个完整的iOS应用。

Chapters 8, 9, and 10 introduce you to several Foundation framework concepts.

Beginning with Chapter 8, the book diverges from presenting Objective-C language

concepts and begins presenting fundamental classes and concepts for programming for

the iPhone. These classes are all part of the Foundation framework, a collection of Apple-

provided code that makes writing applications easier. The concepts presented are tailored

to iPhone development, so no desktop-only classes or concepts are discussed. Chapter 8

explores several Foundation framework classes. These classes make string manipulation,

managing collections of objects, and reading and writing from files much easier. Chapter 9

presents the Foundation framework classes used for reading and writing to files. The

chapter also discusses the iPhone directories you have available and provides specific

code examples for working with those directories. Chapter 10 continues presenting

Foundation framework classes. In this chapter you learn about property lists, the NSCopy

protocol, and how to archive and de-archive your application’s objects to a file.

Chapter 11 introduces you to selectors and targets. Selectors and targets are initially

one of Objective-C’s more confusing aspects. However, you should take the time to

carefully learn these concepts, as they allow significant programming flexibility. In

essence, what these concepts allow is for a program to dynamically decide at runtime

what objects and methods to call. If you are familiar with Java’s reflection, then selectors

should not appear foreign. In fact, having worked extensively with both, I find using

Objective-C’s selectors and targets much easier than working with Java’s reflection.

Chapter 12 returns to basic object-oriented principles by discussing the Model-

View-Controller (MVC) design pattern. I end the book with the MVC for good reason.

It is fundamental to how you write programs for the iPhone SDK. Moreover, this design

pattern has a rich history and is arguably the single most influential concept leading to the

Mac and Windows operating systems. Without MVC, we just might still all be using DOS

prompts.

Accompanying Tutorial Videos

This book is only one of many books recently released on the Objective-C programming

language. Moreover, it is relatively late to arrive, as there are several other high-quality

beginner books already on the shelves. So why buy this book? First, as the author, of

course I believe this book to be superior to the other books. But more objectively, this

book offers video tutorials for all its Try This examples. Oftentimes, steps get lost in a

numbered list of printed steps. Moreover, small details are often missed. By offering video

tutorials, I hope to reinforce the tutorials presented in the book.

Introduction xv

The application is rated two-and-a-half stars. A typical review says, “it blows” or

“don’t buy” or “a waste.” Of course, there are 7728 reviews as of December 12, 2009,

and at 99 cents a download, that is over $3500 earned from people who hate the game.

Moreover, for every review, there are probably countless folks who bought the App and

didn’t leave a review. Not bad for a product that folks universally condemn as dumb and a

waste of time. The reviews literally warn you not to buy it, but folks—presumably men—

do anyway.

But before you say, “aha, sex sells,” search the App Store using the keyword “girls.”

You will be disappointed; there are pages of time-wasting Apps featuring bikini-clad

figures, most of which make the authors little to no money. So even if you do write the

next “virtual girlfriend” App, having it stand out from all the others will prove difficult

and time consuming. That’s the App Store’s reality. Moreover, every few months you hear

of Apple purging the store of questionable material, so why risk it?

Getting noticed these days requires a quality product, with advertising and exposure.

Although there are exceptions, you should approach iPhone development with a realistic

perspective. Getting rich writing iPhone Apps requires hard work. Moreover, the quality

of your App doesn’t necessarily ensure success. Just like any other product in any other

market, these days, most Apps require advertising. And advertising is not cheap. And even

then, chances are, you will not earn enough money to quit your job or drop out of school.

At least not immediately.

Getting rich writing an App presupposes a quality App. Writing a quality App requires

understanding the iPhone SDK and Cocoa Touch. Understanding the iPhone SDK and

Cocoa Touch requires understanding basic Objective-C. So before you rush out and

buy a book on “opening your iPhone business” you should first learn Objective-C’s

fundamentals. This book teaches those fundamentals.

A Teen Developer

But you can make money on the App Store; even if you’re in high school, with your

parents’ support, you can sell Apps on Apple’s App Store. Daniel Shaffer, a senior in high

school in NYC, has made over $14,000 and has sold over eleven Apps. His Apps include

iMprint illusions, Utilitybox, and several others.

Introduction xvii

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