精通Web编程：HTML5, CSS与JS指南

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"Web Programming with HTML5, CSS, and JS" 本书《Web Programming with HTML5, CSS, and JS》由JohnDean博士撰写，他是计算机科学的副教授，来自美国密苏里州帕克大学。该书深入浅出地介绍了网页编程的基础，主要聚焦于HTML5、CSS和JavaScript这三种核心技术。 HTML5（超文本标记语言第五版）是构建网页内容的基础，它定义了网页的结构和意义。HTML5引入了许多新特性，如离线存储、音频和视频元素、画布（Canvas）用于动态图形，以及新的表单控件，使得开发者能够创建更丰富、更互动的用户体验。此外，HTML5还强调了语义化元素，例如`<header>`、`<footer>`、`<article>`等，提高了内容的可读性和可访问性。 CSS（层叠样式表）则是用来描述HTML或XML（包括SVG、XHTML等）文档样式的语言，让开发者可以独立于内容来控制布局。CSS3新增了许多功能，比如媒体查询（Media Queries）用于响应式设计，动画（Animations）和过渡（Transitions）带来视觉效果，以及多列布局（Multi-column Layout）等，大大提升了网页的视觉表现力。 JavaScript是一种强大的客户端脚本语言，它在浏览器中运行，负责网页的交互逻辑和动态更新。JavaScript与HTML5和CSS结合，构建了现代Web应用程序的基础。ES6（ECMAScript 6，也称为ES2015）引入了类（Classes）、模板字符串、箭头函数、Promise对象等新特性，使得代码更加简洁、易读和模块化。此外，JavaScript还有许多框架和库，如React、Angular和Vue.js，它们简化了前端开发，提供了组件化开发和虚拟DOM等高效工具。本书将帮助读者理解这三种技术的核心概念，学习如何编写网页，实现页面布局，处理用户交互，并且掌握创建动态和响应式网站所需的技能。无论是初学者还是有一定经验的开发者，都能从中受益，提升自己的Web开发能力。书中可能涵盖HTML5的新特性、CSS3的选择器和布局模式，以及JavaScript的基础语法和高级特性，同时，还可能介绍实际项目中的应用案例和最佳实践。通过阅读和实践，读者将能构建出符合现代Web标准的网站，并具备持续学习和适应Web技术快速发展的能力。

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xvPREFACE

details, we put those details into practice by building web pages that nurture the development of

problem-solving skills and web-design skills.

We start with two chapters that are introductory in nature. ey discuss general concepts

involving the Web and basic HTML elements that enable readers to get a taste of what’s possible.

e book then devotes a whole chapter to CSS. Although the chapter describes CSS extensively, it

does not attempt to cover CSS exhaustively. Later chapters introduce additional CSS details when

appropriate. Aer the CSS chapter, the next four chapters present HTML element details and

web-programming design principles. e last ve chapters describe JavaScript basics, plus some

advanced JavaScript constructs that unleash the power of dynamic HTML.

Chapters 1 and 2

In Chapters 1 and 2, we rst explain basic concepts needed for building a website. For example, we

describe text editors, web-hosting services, and browsers. We then narrow the focus and describe

the basic components of a web page: HTML elements, tags, and attributes. We put those compo-

nents into practice by examining a simple, but complete, web page. Chapter 1 concludes with a

brief history of HTML.

Chapter 2 continues the theme of introducing material that is somewhat general in nature.

For example, we describe the W3C, coding conventions, and comments. Aer that, the chapter

provides details on quite a few HTML elements: block elements, editing elements, phrasing ele-

ments, and so on. e chapter concludes with a discussion of character references.

Chapter 3

In Chapter 3, we rst present an overview of CSS concepts such as syntax, the dierent types of

CSS rules, the dierent places where CSS rules can be applied, and how cascading determines the

rules’ priorities. e rest of the chapter provides details about many CSS properties and values.

Chapters 4 and 5

In these two chapters, we return to HTML elements, with an in-depth look at elements in charge

of organizing a page’s content (Chapter 4) and a comprehensive treatment of data tables and

layout tables (Chapter 5). Chapter 4 focuses on lists, gures, and section-oriented elements,

and it weaves in a few CSS details, such as descendent and child selectors, that were not part

of Chapter 3’s CSS coverage. Chapter 5 focuses on the table element and all of its associated

elements: caption, tr, td, and so on. As an alternative to using the table element, Chapter 5

describes how to achieve table layout with CSS. Specically, Chapter 5 describes CSS table values,

absolute positioning, and relative positioning.

Chapters 6 and 7

In Chapters 6 and 7, we present what might be considered the seminal features of HTML—

links and the ability to embed nontext objects (images, audio, and video) into a web page.

xvi PREFACE

Chapter 6 describes how to implement a link and then discusses navigation techniques that

rely on links. Chapter 6 then describes how to navigate to pictures, and presents various

details about the img element, bitmap image formats, the SVG image format, and vector

graphics.

Chapter 7 continues the discussion of images by describing how to manipulate them with

positioning, image sprites, image maps, and so on. Chapter 7 then moves on to a discussion of

other embedded objects—audio les and video les.

Chapters 8 and 9

In Chapters 8 and 9, we present the basics of JavaScript. In building a JavaScript web page,

there’s a lot to learn. Some books present a huge amount of syntax up front, leaving readers

feeling overwhelmed and unable to create JavaScript web pages on their own. Other books

introduce a little JavaScript syntax and illustrate what’s going on with small, gimmicky web

pages that do not comport with standard industry practices. This book strikes a balance

between those two strategies. In Chapters 8 and 9, we present enough syntax to build stan-

dard-practice JavaScript web pages, but not so much syntax that readers feel overwhelmed.

Here’s a sample of the key JavaScript constructs introduced in Chapters 8 and 9: functions,

variables, the Document Object Model (DOM), event handlers, if statement, strings, oper-

ators, and input validation.

In addition to introducing JavaScript constructs, we introduce HTML elements for forms,

buttons, and text boxes. ose elements implement input/output functionality, and they enable

the web pages to be more “real world.”

Chapters 10, 11, and 12

In Chapters 10 through 12, we introduce JavaScript constructs that are slightly more advanced.

Chapter 10 presents while loops and for loops and puts them into practice by looping through

form controls like radio buttons, checkboxes, and pull-down menu selections. ese form con-

trols could have been introduced earlier with the button and text box form controls, but they t

better in Chapter 10, when loops are introduced. Toward the end of Chapter 10, we describe how

to manipulate CSS by using JavaScript and various properties in the DOM.

In Chapter 11, we introduce the concept of object-oriented programming (OOP) and describe

how to work with objects in JavaScript. is includes how to implement classes with constructors,

properties, and methods; how to instantiate objects; and how to implement inheritance between

classes. In JavaScript, arrays are objects, so we wait until aer the introduction of OOP to discuss

arrays. In our description of arrays, we explain how to instantiate them, how to loop through an

array’s elements, and how to use an array’s methods.

In Chapter 12, we introduce canvas, which is considered to be one of the most important

new features of HTML5. We describe how to use the canvas element and JavaScript to draw

rectangles, circles, arcs, lines, paths, and text, all within a graphical “canvas” drawing area. Aer

discussing how to draw those graphics objects, the chapter describes how to translate, rotate,

and scale them.

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