MongoDB实战指南：MongoDB in Action

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"MongoDB in Action" 是一本由 Kyle Banker 编著的关于 MongoDB 开发的学习文档，由 Manning 出版社发行。 MongoDB 是一个流行的开源、分布式文档数据库系统，设计用于处理海量数据，同时提供高可用性、可扩展性和高性能。"MongoDB in Action" 这本书深入介绍了如何使用 MongoDB 进行开发，它涵盖了从安装、配置到实际操作数据库的全方位知识。书中可能包括以下几个核心知识点： 1. **MongoDB基础**：介绍 MongoDB 的基本概念，如文档（document）、集合（collections）、数据库（databases），以及它们与传统关系型数据库的区别。 2. **数据模型设计**：讨论如何使用 JSON 格式的文档来设计数据模型，包括嵌入式数据模型和引用数据模型，以及在不同场景下的选择。 3. **查询与操作**：详细讲解 MongoDB 的查询语言，包括查询操作符、更新操作、聚合框架等，帮助读者掌握数据检索和处理的技巧。 4. **索引与性能优化**：阐述如何创建和管理索引以提高查询性能，并讨论其他性能优化策略，如内存管理和数据存储选项。 5. ** CRUD 操作**：覆盖创建（Create）、读取（Read）、更新（Update）和删除（Delete）数据的基本操作，以及事务处理和版本控制。 6. **分布式系统特性**：解释 MongoDB 的分片（sharding）和复制集（replication）功能，如何实现数据的水平扩展和高可用性。 7. **应用程序集成**：介绍如何将 MongoDB 集成到各种编程语言的应用程序中，可能包括 Node.js、Python、Java 等示例。 8. **安全与权限**：讨论 MongoDB 的认证、授权机制，以及如何设置和管理用户权限，确保数据库的安全性。 9. **备份与恢复**：讲解如何进行数据备份和恢复操作，以及灾难恢复计划的制定。 10. **监控与运维**：介绍 MongoDB 的监控工具和指标，以及如何进行日常维护和故障排查。这本书适合有一定数据库背景的开发者，无论是初学者还是有经验的 MongoDB 用户，都可以通过这本书深入了解和提升在 MongoDB 开发中的实践能力。书中实例丰富，理论与实践相结合，有助于读者更好地理解和应用 MongoDB。

preface

Databases are the workhorses of the information age. Like Atlas, they go largely unno-

ticed in supporting the digital world we’ve come to inhabit. It’s easy to forget that our

digital interactions, from commenting and tweeting to searching and sorting, are in

essence interactions with a database. Because of this fundamental yet hidden func-

tion, I always experience a certain sense of awe when thinking about databases, not

unlike the awe one might feel when walking across a suspension bridge normally

reserved for automobiles.

The database has taken many forms. The indexes of books and the card catalogs

that once stood in libraries are both databases of a sort, as are the ad hoc structured

text files of the Perl programmers of yore. Perhaps most recognizable now as data-

bases proper are the sophisticated, fortune-making relational databases that underlie

much of the world’s software. These relational databases, with their idealized third-

normal forms and expressive SQL interfaces, still command the respect of the old

guard, and appropriately so.

But as a working web application developer a few years back, I was eager to sample

the emerging alternatives to the reigning relational database. When I discovered

MongoDB, the resonance was immediate. I liked the idea of using a JSON-like struc-

ture to represent data. JSON is simple, intuitive, human-friendly. That MongoDB also

based its query language on JSON lent a high degree of comfort and harmony to the

usage of this new database. The interface came first. Compelling features like easy

replication and sharding made the package all the more intriguing. And by the time

I’d built a few applications on MongoDB and beheld the ease of development it

imparted, I’d become a convert.

Download from Wow! eBook <www.wowebook.com>

ABOUT THIS BOOK xix

If you’ve already used MongoDB, then you may be more interested in particular

topics. Chapters 7–10 and all of the appendixes stand on their own and can safely be

read in any order. Additionally, chapters 4–6 contain the so-called “nuts and bolts” sec-

tions, which focus on fundamentals. These also can be read outside the flow of the

surrounding text.

Roadmap

This book is divided into three parts.

Part 1 is an end-to-end introduction to MongoDB. Chapter 1 gives an overview of

MongoDB’s history, features, and use cases. Chapter 2 teaches the database’s core con-

cepts through a tutorial on the MongoDB command shell. Chapter 3 walks through

the design of a simple application that uses MongoDB on the back end.

Part 2 is an elaboration of the MongoDB API presented in part 1. With a specific

focus on application development, the three chapters in part 2 progressively describe

a schema and its operations for an e-commerce app. Chapter 4 delves into documents,

the smallest unit of data in MongoDB, and puts forth a basic e-commerce schema

design. Chapters 5 and 6 then teach you how to work with this schema by covering

queries and updates. To augment the presentation, each of the chapters in part 2 con-

tains a detailed breakdown of its subject matter.

Part 3 focuses on performance and operations. Chapter 7 is a thorough study of

indexing and query optimization. Chapter 8 concentrates on replication, with strate-

gies for deploying MongoDB for high availability and read scaling. Chapter 9

describes sharding, MongoDB’s path to horizontal scalability. And chapter 10 provides

a series of best practices for deploying, administering, and troubleshooting MongoDB

installations.

The book ends with five appendixes. Appendix A covers installation of MongoDB

and Ruby (for the driver examples) on Linux, Mac OS X, and Windows. Appendix B

presents a series of schema and application design patterns, and it also includes a list

of anti-patterns. Appendix C shows how to work with binary data in MongoDB and

how to use GridFS, a spec implemented by all the drivers, to store especially large files

in the database. Appendix D is a comparative study of the PHP, Java, and C++ drivers.

Appendix E shows you how to use spatial indexing to query on geo-coordinates.

Code conventions and downloads

All source code in the listings and in the text is presented in a

fixed-width

font

which separates it from ordinary text.

Code annotations accompany some of the listings, highlighting important con-

cepts. In some cases, numbered bullets link to explanations that follow in the text.

As an open source project, 10gen keeps MongoDB’s bug tracker open to the com-

munity at large. At several points in the book, particularly in the footnotes, you’ll see

references to bug reports and planned improvements. For example, the ticket for

adding full-text search to the database is SERVER-380. To view the status of any such

Download from Wow! eBook <www.wowebook.com>

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