ASP.NET 4.5 基础教程(英文版)：入门与进阶指南

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"ASP.NET 4.5基础(英文版)" 是一本针对初学者的ASP.NET入门书籍，专注于介绍.NET框架的基础知识以及如何开发ASP.NET应用程序。这本书由专家编写，提供了深入浅出的教程，帮助读者理解ASP.NET的核心概念。内容概览： 1. 关于作者和技术审阅者：书中附有作者和审阅者的简介，他们都是.NET领域的专业人士，确保了内容的专业性和准确性。 2. 致谢：作者对参与和支持本书创作的人表示感谢。 3. 引言：这部分可能阐述了ASP.NET 4.5的重要性，以及为何它是开发者学习Web开发的重要工具。 4. 第一部分：介绍.NET - 第1章：大图景：概述.NET框架，包括它的组成、功能和用途，以及它在软件开发中的角色。 - 第2章：Visual Basic语言：介绍了VB.NET语言的基础，包括语法、数据类型和控制结构。 - 第3章：类型、对象和命名空间：详细解释.NET中的面向对象编程概念，如类、接口和命名空间的管理。 5. 第二部分：开发ASP.NET应用程序 - 第4章：Visual Studio：介绍微软的IDE，包括创建项目、调试工具和代码编辑器等。 - 第5章：Web表单基础：讲解Web表单的概念和工作原理，以及如何创建和管理Web表单。 - 第6章：Web控件：涵盖各种内置控件的使用，如文本框、按钮和数据绑定控件。 - 第7章：错误处理和追踪：教授如何在ASP.NET应用程序中实现错误捕获和日志记录。 - 第8章：状态管理：讨论如何在Web环境中保持用户状态，如视图状态、隐藏字段和Cookie。 6. 第三部分：构建更好的Web表单 - 第9章：验证：介绍客户端和服务器端的验证技术，以确保输入数据的有效性。 - 第10章：富控件：探讨能够提供更复杂交互的控件，如图表、下拉列表和日期选择器。 - 第11章：用户控件和图形：讲解如何创建自定义的用户控件，并集成图像处理。 - 第12章：样式、主题和主页面：介绍如何通过样式表、主题和主页面来实现一致的网站外观。 - 第13章：网站导航：教授如何创建和管理网站的导航结构。 7. 第四部分：与数据工作 - 第14章：ADO.NET：深入讲解如何使用ADO.NET进行数据访问，包括数据库连接、查询和数据绑定。本书不仅覆盖了ASP.NET 4.5的基本概念，还涵盖了开发高效、健壮的Web应用程序所需的各种技术和实践。无论是对.NET框架的新手，还是希望提升ASP.NET技能的开发者，都能从中受益。通过阅读这本书，读者将能够熟练地利用ASP.NET 4.5构建动态、交互性强的Web应用。

CHAPTER 1 ■ THE BIG PICTURE

Sometimes the division between these components isn’t clear. For example, the term ASP.NET is sometimes

used in a narrow sense to refer to the portion of the .NET class library used to design web pages. On the other

hand, ASP.NET also refers to the whole topic of .NET web applications, which includes .NET languages and many

fundamental pieces of the class library that aren’t web-specific. (That’s generally the way we use the term in this

book. Our exhaustive examination of ASP.NET includes .NET basics, the VB language, and topics that any .NET

developer could use, such as component-based programming and database access.)

Figure 1-4 shows the .NET class library and CLR—the two fundamental parts of .NET.

In the remainder of this chapter, you’ll take a quick look at the ingredients that make up the .NET Framework.

VB, C#, and the .NET Languages

This book uses the Visual Basic language, which enables you to create readable, modern code. The .NET version of VB

is similar in syntax to older flavors of VB that you may have encountered, including “classic” VB 6 and the Visual Basic

for Applications (VBA) language often used to write macros in Microsoft Office programs such as Word and Excel.

However, you cannot convert classic VB into the .NET flavor of Visual Basic, just as you cannot convert C++ into C#.

ADO.NET

Data Access

XML

Windows Forms

(And So On)

Web Forms

File I/O

Core System Classes (Threading, Serialization, Reflection,

Collections, and So On)

Compiler and Loader

(Other Managed Code Services)

Code Access Security

Memory Management and Garbage Collection

Code Verification and Optimization

The .NET Class Library

The Common Language Runtime

Figure 1-4. The .NET Framework

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CHAPTER 1 ■ THE BIG PICTURE

This book uses C#, Microsoft’s .NET language of preference. C# resembles Java, JavaScript, and C++ in

syntax, so programmers who have coded in one of these languages will quickly feel at home.

Interestingly, VB and C# are quite similar. Though the syntax is different, both VB and C# use the .NET

class library and are supported by the CLR. In fact, almost any block of C# code can be translated, line by line,

into an equivalent block of VB code (and vice versa). An occasional language difference pops up, but for the

most part, a developer who has learned one .NET language can move quickly and efficiently to another. There

are even software tools that translate C# and VB code automatically (see http://converter.telerik.com or

http://tangiblesoftwaresolutions.com for examples).

In short, both VB and C# are elegant, modern languages that are ideal for creating the next generation of web

applications.

Note ■ .NET 1.0 introduced completely new languages. However, the changes in subsequent versions of .NET

have been more subtle. Although the version of VB in .NET 4.5 adds a few new features, most parts of the language

remain unchanged. In Chapter 2 and Chapter 3, you’ll sort through the syntax of VB and learn the basics of

object-oriented programming.

Intermediate Language

All the .NET languages are compiled into another lower-level language before the code is executed. This

lower-level language is the Common Intermediate Language (CIL, or just IL). The CLR, the engine of .NET, uses

only IL code. Because all .NET languages are based on IL, they all have profound similarities. This is the reason

that the VB and C# languages provide essentially the same features and performance. In fact, the languages are

so compatible that a web page written with C# can use a VB component in the same way it uses a C# component,

and vice versa.

The .NET Framework formalizes this compatibility with something called the Common Language

Specification (CLS). Essentially, the CLS is a contract that, if respected, guarantees that a component written in

one .NET language can be used in all the others. One part of the CLS is the common type system (CTS), which

defines the rules for data types such as strings, numbers, and arrays that are shared in all .NET languages. The

CLS also defines object-oriented ingredients such as classes, methods, events, and quite a bit more. For the most

part, .NET developers don’t need to think about how the CLS works, even though they rely on it every day.

Figure 1-5 shows how the .NET languages are compiled to IL. Every EXE or DLL file that you build with a

.NET language contains IL code. This is the file you deploy to other computers. In the case of a web application,

you deploy your compiled code to a live web server.

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CHAPTER 1 ■ THE BIG PICTURE

Not only does the CLR execute code, but it also provides a whole set of related services such as code

verification, optimization, and object management. The implications of the CLR are wide-ranging:

Deep language integration: VB and C#, like all .NET languages, compile to IL. In other

words, the CLR makes no distinction between different languages—in fact, it has no

way of knowing what language was used to create an executable. This is far more than

mere language compatibility; it’s language integration.

Side-by-side execution: The CLR also has the ability to load more than one version

of a component at a time. In other words, you can update a component many times,

and the correct version will be loaded and used for each application. As a side effect,

multiple versions of the .NET Framework can be installed, meaning that you’re able to

upgrade to new versions of ASP.NET without replacing the current version or needing

to rewrite your applications.

Fewer errors: Whole categories of errors are impossible with the CLR. For example,

the CLR prevents many memory mistakes that are possible with lower-level languages

such as C++.

Along with these truly revolutionary benefits, the CLR has some potential drawbacks. Here are two issues

that are sometimes raised by new developers but aren’t always answered:

Performance: A typical ASP.NET application is extremely fast, because ASP.NET code

is compiled to machine code before it’s executed. However, processor-crunching

algorithms still can’t match the blinding speed of well-written C++ code, because

the CLR imposes some additional overhead. Generally, this is a factor only in a few

performance-critical high-workload applications (such as real-time games). With

high-volume web applications, the potential bottlenecks are rarely processor-related

but are usually tied to the speed of an external resource such as a database or the web

server’s file system. With ASP.NET caching and some well-written database code, you

can ensure excellent performance for any web application.

Code transparency: IL is much easier to disassemble, meaning that if you distribute

a compiled application or component, other programmers may have an easier

time determining how your code works. This isn’t much of an issue for ASP.NET

applications, which aren’t distributed but are hosted on a secure web server.

The .NET Class Library

The .NET class library is a giant repository of classes that provide prefabricated functionality for everything

from reading an XML file to sending an e-mail message. If you’ve had any exposure to Java, you may already be

familiar with the idea of a class library. However, the .NET class library is more ambitious and comprehensive

than just about any other programming framework. Any .NET language can use the .NET class library’s features

by interacting with the right objects. This helps encourage consistency among different .NET languages and

removes the need to install numerous components on your computer or web server.

Some parts of the class library include features you’ll never need to use in web applications (such as the

classes used to create desktop applications with Windows interfaces). Other parts of the class library are targeted

directly at web development. Still more classes can be used in various programming scenarios and aren’t specific

to web or Windows development. These include the base set of classes that define common variable types and

the classes for data access, to name just a few. You’ll explore the .NET Framework throughout this book.

You can think of the class library as a well-stocked programmer’s toolkit. Microsoft’s philosophy is that it will

provide the tedious infrastructure so that application developers need only to write business-specific code. For

example, the .NET Framework deals with thorny issues such as database transactions and concurrency, making

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CHAPTER 1 ■ THE BIG PICTURE

sure that hundreds or thousands of simultaneous users can request the same web page at once. You just add the

logic needed for your specific application.

Visual Studio

The last part of .NET is the Visual Studio development tool, which provides a rich environment where you can

rapidly create advanced applications. Although in theory you could create an ASP.NET application without Visual

Studio (for example, by writing all the source code in a text editor and compiling it with .NET’s command-line

compilers), this task would be tedious, painful, and prone to error. For that reason, all professional ASP.NET

developers use a design tool such as Visual Studio.

Some of the features of Visual Studio include the following:

Page design: You can create an attractive page with drag-and-drop ease by using Visual

Studio’s integrated web form designer. You don’t need to understand HTML.

Automatic error detection: You could save hours of work when Visual Studio detects

and reports an error before you run your application. Potential problems are

underlined, just like the “spell-as-you-go” feature found in many word processors.

Debugging tools: Visual Studio retains its legendary debugging tools, which allow you

to watch your code in action and track the contents of variables. And you can test web

applications just as easily as any other application type, because Visual Studio has a

built-in web server that works just for debugging.

IntelliSense: Visual Studio provides statement completion for recognized objects and

automatically lists information such as function parameters in helpful tooltips.

You’ll learn about all these features in Chapter 4, when you consider the latest version of Visual Studio.

It’s also important to note that Visual Studio is available in several editions:

Visual Studio Express for Web: This is a completely free version of Visual Studio that’s

surprising capable. Its main limitation is that it allows you to build web applications

and components only, not other types of .NET programs (for example, Windows

applications).

Tip ■ To download Visual Studio Express for Web, go to www.microsoft.com/express/downloads.

To compare the differences between Visual Studio versions, check out

www.microsoft.com/visualstudio/11/en-us/products/compare.

Visual Studio Professional: This is the leanest full version of Visual Studio. It has all the

features you need to build any type of .NET application (Windows or web).

Visual Studio Premium or Ultimate: These versions increase the cost and pile on more

tools and frills (which aren’t discussed in this book). For example, they incorporate

features for automated testing and version control, which helps team members

coordinate their work on large projects.

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