C语言编程实战：Linux下TCP/IP套接字指南

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《Linux编程接口：TCP/IP套接字实践指南》是一本面向程序员的重要参考资料，特别适合Linux开发人员提升技能。本书由Michael J. Donahoo和Kenneth L. Calvert合著，作为Morgan Kaufmann出版社的实用指南系列之一，旨在深入讲解在C语言中实现TCP/IP套接字编程的实际技巧和可能遇到的问题。作者们以其丰富的经验和深入理解，将复杂的网络通信技术以清晰易懂的方式呈现出来，帮助读者掌握这个关键的系统级编程接口。该书的核心内容包括TCP/IP协议栈的基础知识，如何利用C语言的套接字API进行客户端和服务器的交互，以及如何处理网络连接、数据传输、错误处理等关键环节。通过实例分析和实战项目，读者可以学习到如何设计高效的网络程序，避免常见的编程陷阱，提高代码的可靠性和性能。此外，书中的实用指导不仅限于C语言，还提到了《TCP/IP套接字在Java中的实践指南》，展示了跨平台编程中的相关技巧。对于Java程序员来说，这本书也是一个很好的参考资源，有助于了解如何在Java中利用类似的技术进行网络编程。如果你对数据库编程感兴趣，《JDBC：Java程序员实用指南》也是系列的一部分，由Gregory D. Speegle撰写，可以帮助你理解和使用Java Database Connectivity（JDBC）来访问关系型数据库。整个系列旨在为软件开发者提供一套完整的、实践导向的学习路径，通过这些书籍，读者不仅可以提升专业技能，还能跟上最新的技术发展趋势。如果你想进一步了解这些书籍或者查看其他即将出版的图书，可以访问Morgan Kaufmann出版社的官方网站<http://www.mkp.com/practical>获取更多信息。《Linux编程接口：TCP/IP套接字实践指南》是一本不可多得的资源，无论你是刚接触网络编程的新手还是经验丰富的老手，都能从中受益匪浅，提升你的Linux编程能力和网络编程技术。

I Preface

Thanks are also due to those who reviewed the original proposal and thereby helped

us decide what to put in and what to leave out. Those not already mentioned include (again,

in alphabetical order): David Hutchison, Lancaster University; Ivan Marsic, Rutgers University;

Michael Scott, University of Rochester; Robert Strader, Stephen F. Austin State University; Ben

Wah, University of Illinois-Urbana; and Ellen Zegura, Georgia Tech.

Finally, we are grateful to the folks at Morgan Kaufmann. They take a hands-on approach

to development that contributes significantly to the ultimate text quality. Jennifer Mann,

our editor, and Karyn Johnson, editorial assistant, have worked hard to provide invaluable

guidance throughout this process. We are also grateful to Cheri Palmer, our production editor,

who has been very willing to work with us on the design and "look and feel" of the text; we

hope you like the result.

For Further Information

This book has a Web site

(www.mkp.com/practical/csockets)

that contains additional informa-

tion including all the source code presented in the book, errata, and programming exercises.

From time to time, we may also place new material on the Web site. We encourage you to take

advantage of this resource, and to send us your suggestions for improvement of any aspect

of this book. You can send feedback via the Web site maintained by the publisher, or you can

send us email to the addresses below.

M.J.D. jeff_donahoo@baylor, edu

K.L.C. calvert@netlab.uky.edu

Millions of computers all over the world are now connected to the worldwide network

known as the Internet. The Internet enables programs running in computers thousands of

miles apart to communicate and exchange information. If you have a computer connected

to a network, you may have used a Web browserma typical program that makes use of the

Internet. What does such a program do to communicate with others over a network? The

answer varies with the application and the operating system, but a great many programs get

access to network communication services through the "sockets" programming interface. The

goal of this book is to get you started writing programs that use the sockets API.

Before delving into the details of the API, it is worth taking a brief look at the big picture

of networks and protocols to see how an application programming interface for TCP/IP fits

in. Our goal here is

not

to teach you how networks and TCP/IP workmmany fine texts are

available for that purpose [2, 4, 10, 15, 20]rebut rather to introduce some basic concepts and

terminology.

1.1 Networks, Packets, and Protocols

A computer network consists of machines interconnected by communication channels. We

call these machines

hosts

and

routers.

Hosts are computers that run applications such as your

Web browser; the application programs running in hosts are really the "users" of the network.

Routers are machines whose job is to relay or

forward

information from one communication

channel to another. They may run programs but typically do not run application programs. For

our purposes, a

communication channel

is a means of conveying sequences of bytes from one

host to another; it may be a broadcast technology like Ethernet, a dial-up modem connection,

or something more sophisticated.

Routers are important simply because it is not practical to connect every host directly

to every other host. Instead, a few hosts connect to a router, which connects to other routers,

and so on to form the network. This arrangement lets each machine get by with a relatively

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