85Rb2分子的b3Π1u和23Π1g态实验研究

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"对85Rb2分子的b3Π1u和23Π1g状态的实验研究" 这篇研究论文详细探讨了85Rb2分子的两个特定电子态——b3Π1u和23Π1g状态。Rb2是铷原子形成的二聚体，通常在量子光学和量子信息科学等领域中被广泛研究，因为其具有丰富的光谱特性和可控性。在文章中，研究人员首次使用了Perturbation Facilitated Infrared-Infrared Double Resonance（PFIIDR）技术观察到了b3Π1u状态的12个rovibrational（旋转-振动）能级。这是一种高精度的光谱技术，通过微扰诱导的红外-红外双共振来探测分子的精细结构，尤其是在复杂系统中难以观测到的能级。 b3Π1u和23Π1g是Rb2分子的三重态，这意味着它们包含三个电子自旋，且总自旋量子数为1。这两个状态的性质对于理解分子的电子结构和动力学至关重要。三重态与单重态不同，它们在光化学反应中扮演着重要角色，因为它们可以避免由泡利不相容原理引起的某些限制。在实验中，特别关注了这两种状态的自旋轨道分裂，这是由于电子的自旋和轨道运动之间的相互作用导致的能级分离。自旋轨道分裂在理解和预测分子的光谱、反应性和磁性行为时非常关键。此外，文中可能还讨论了这两个状态间的相互作用或微扰，这对于精确计算和解释观测到的能级非常重要。关键词包括“铷分子”、“三重态”、“自旋轨道分裂”、“微扰”和“PFIIDR”，这些都揭示了研究的核心内容。文章经历了从提交到接受的快速审稿过程，表明研究工作具有较高的质量和时效性，对相关领域的研究者来说是一份重要的参考资料。这篇论文提供了关于Rb2分子的新见解，特别是在b3Π1u和23Π1g状态的详细光谱特性上，这将有助于推动分子物理、量子光学以及相关量子信息处理技术的发展。通过PFIIDR技术的使用，研究者能够以前所未有的精度探索这些复杂的分子态，为未来更深入的理论计算和实验研究奠定了基础。

Experimental study of the b

and 2

states of

Jinxin Yang

, Wei Zhao

, Xinhua Pan

, Haoming Wei

, Jie Ma

c,d

, Ergin H. Ahmed

, A. Marjatta Lyyra

Xingcan Dai

⇑

State Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Center for Atomic and Molecular Nanosciences, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA

State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Shanxi University,

Taiyuan 030006, China

Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China

article info

Article history:

Received 27 February 2017

In revised form 30 March 2017

Accepted 14 April 2017

Available online 18 April 2017

Keywords:

Rubidium molecules

Triplet states

Spin-orbit splitting

Perturbation

PFIIDR

abstract

Twelve ro-vibrational energy levels of the

state have been observed using the Perturbation

Facilitated Infrared-Infrared Double Resonance (PFIIDR) technique for the ﬁrst time.Using the new

observed levels as intermediate window levels, dozens of transitions into the

upper state

ro-vibrational levels have been recorded.Compared with the experimental data of the

state,

the average term value difference between the observed

X ¼ 1 and X ¼ 0 components of the

state levels with the same rotational quantum number, is approximately 83:1  0:3cm

1

. This

proves that the 2

state has a spin-orbit splitting of 83:1  0:3cm

1

, which shows that the 2

state

tends to belong to Hund’s case (a).

1. Introduction

Rubidium dimer is a molecule which has attracted much atten-

tion due to its use in a wide range of research areas, such as: laser

cooling, cold atom (molecule) collisions, creating and exploring

quantum condensates and coherent control [[1–7] and references

therein]. Some electronic states of Rb

such as the ground X

state, the A

and b

intermediate states as well as some other

excited upper states have been reported [8–25]. Recently, Rb

; 4

; 3

; 2

upper state energy levels were detected

by the authors using the perturbation facilitated infrared-infrared

double resonance (PFIIDR) technique [26–29]. During the detection

of these states, many intermediate A

mixed levels were

also conﬁrmed by the experiments.

However, the

¼ 1 components of both the b

and 2

states of Rb

have never been observed experimentally in spite of

the fact that research of a similar molecule, K

, was ﬁrst conducted

over ten years ago [30,31]. Based on the transition selection rules,

if both b

and b

levels are used as the intermediate win-

dow levels, different spin components [

¼ 0=

¼ 1 for Hund’s

case (a)] of the 2

state can be observed. However, the b

term energies predicted in Ref. [16] are insufﬁciently accurate to

be used for PFIIDR work without experimental validation. That is

because the perturbation between the A

state and the

ð0;1Þu

state must be examined in order to obtain the appropriate

window levels. This is complicated further due to the fact that the

and b

mixing is much weaker than that between the

and b

states. In this paper, twelve ro-vibrational energy

levels of the

state are observed along with some tran-

sitions into the

¼ 2; J ¼ 44  47 and

¼ 4  7; J ¼ 81  84 ro-vibrational levels.

2. Experiment

Two IRIR double resonance experimental setups have been used

at Tsinghua University and Temple University. These are described

in detail in Ref. [29]. In brief, rubidium vapor was generated in a

four-armed heat pipe oven at 500 K with a 100 Pa argon buffer

gas. At Tsinghua, two Toptica DL100 single-mode cw diode lasers

were used as the pump laser (central wavelength: 895 nm) and

the probe laser (central wavelength: 1050 nm). While at Temple,

a Ti:Sapphire laser (Coherent 899-29)) and probe diode laser (cen-

tral wavelength: 1200 nm) were employed. The pump laser selec-

tively excited an A

mixed intermediate level. The two

lasers were counter-propagating and overlapping at the center of

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jms.2017.04.011

⇑

Corresponding author.

E-mail address: XingcanDai@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn (X. Dai).

Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy 336 (2017) 36–41

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy

journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jms

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