深入学习高级Bash脚本编程：实践与进阶教程

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"《高级Bash脚本编程指南》是一本深入探索Shell脚本编程艺术的详尽教程，由Mendel Cooper撰写，电子邮箱为<the_grendel.abs@gmail.com>。该书面向初学者，但通过逐步深入，引导读者达到中级到高级的编程水平。作者巧妙地融入了Unix®编程智慧和传统，使它不仅是一本教材，也适合作为自学工具和shell脚本技术的参考书。书中强调实践学习的重要性，鼓励读者积极参与大量注释示例中的练习，认为只有通过编写脚本才能真正掌握编程技巧。这本手册适合用作课堂上介绍编程概念的基础课程，特别适合那些希望提升Shell脚本技能的学习者。书中内容包括： 1. 第一章：Shell编程入门，探讨Shell语言的基本原理和环境。 2. 第二章：从一个Shell-Bang开始，涉及如何调用脚本、初步练习，让读者快速熟悉脚本的执行流程和基本语法。每一章都精心设计，旨在确保读者逐步掌握核心概念，并通过实例教授如何构建复杂的脚本，实现自动化任务。随着章节的深入，读者不仅能学习基础的变量操作、条件判断、循环结构，还能接触到函数定义、错误处理和输入输出等高级主题。此外，作者还定期更新版本（如6.2、6.3和6.4），反映了作者对最新技术和最佳实践的持续关注，确保信息的时效性和实用性。《高级Bash脚本编程指南》是一本综合性的资源，无论是作为学习材料，还是在日常开发工作中查阅问题，都能提供宝贵的指导和支持。"

bash$ cp /home/bozo/current_work/junk/* .

Copy all the "junk" files to $PWD.

"dot" character match. When matching characters, as part of a regular expression, a "dot" matches a

single character.

partial quoting [double quote]. "STRING" preserves (from interpretation) most of the special

characters within STRING. See Chapter 5.

full quoting [single quote]. 'STRING' preserves all special characters within STRING. This is a

stronger form of quoting than "STRING". See Chapter 5.

comma operator. The comma operator [16] links together a series of arithmetic operations. All are

evaluated, but only the last one is returned.

let "t2 = ((a = 9, 15 / 3))"

# Set "a = 9" and "t2 = 15 / 3"

The comma operator can also concatenate strings.

for file in /{,usr/}bin/*calc

# ^ Find all executable files ending in "calc"

#+ in /bin and /usr/bin directories.

if [ -x "$file" ]

then

echo $file

done

# /bin/ipcalc

# /usr/bin/kcalc

# /usr/bin/oidcalc

# /usr/bin/oocalc

# Thank you, Rory Winston, for pointing this out.

,, ,

Lowercase conversion in parameter substitution (added in version 4 of Bash).

escape [backslash]. A quoting mechanism for single characters.

\X escapes the character X. This has the effect of "quoting" X, equivalent to 'X'. The \ may be used to

quote " and ', so they are expressed literally.

See Chapter 5 for an in-depth explanation of escaped characters.

Filename path separator [forward slash]. Separates the components of a filename (as in

/home/bozo/projects/Makefile).

This is also the division arithmetic operator.

command substitution. The `command` construct makes available the output of command for

assignment to a variable. This is also known as backquotes or backticks.

Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide

Chapter 3. Special Characters 10

In combination with the >> redirection operator, has no effect on a pre-existing target file (: >>

target_file). If the file did not previously exist, creates it.

This applies to regular files, not pipes, symlinks, and certain special files.

May be used to begin a comment line, although this is not recommended. Using # for a comment

turns off error checking for the remainder of that line, so almost anything may appear in a comment.

However, this is not the case with :.

: This is a comment that generates an error, ( if [ $x -eq 3] ).

The ":" serves as a field separator, in /etc/passwd, and in the $PATH variable.

bash$ echo $PATH

/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/games

A colon is acceptable as a function name.

:()

{

echo "The name of this function is "$FUNCNAME"

# Why use a colon as a function name?

# It's a way of obfuscating your code.

}

# The name of this function is :

This is not portable behavior, and therefore not a recommended practice.

reverse (or negate) the sense of a test or exit status [bang]. The ! operator inverts the exit status of

the command to which it is applied (see Example 6-2). It also inverts the meaning of a test operator.

This can, for example, change the sense of equal ( = ) to not-equal ( != ). The ! operator is a Bash

keyword.

In a different context, the ! also appears in indirect variable references.

In yet another context, from the command line, the ! invokes the Bash history mechanism (see

Appendix K). Note that within a script, the history mechanism is disabled.

wild card [asterisk]. The * character serves as a "wild card" for filename expansion in globbing. By

itself, it matches every filename in a given directory.

bash$ echo *

abs-book.sgml add-drive.sh agram.sh alias.sh

The * also represents any number (or zero) characters in a regular expression.

arithmetic operator. In the context of arithmetic operations, the * denotes multiplication.

** A double asterisk can represent the exponentiation operator or extended file-match globbing.

test operator. Within certain expressions, the ? indicates a test for a condition.

Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide

Chapter 3. Special Characters 12

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