深入学习JavaEE 7：官方指南英文版PDF

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"JavaEE 7 Tutorial (JavaEE 7 官方指南)" 是一本针对 Java Enterprise Edition 7（JavaEE 7）平台的技术指南，旨在帮助开发者提升技术水平和英文阅读能力。这本书由 Eric Jendrock、Ricardo Cervera-Navarro、Ian Evans、Devika Gollapudi、Kim Haase、William Markito 和 Chinmayee Srivathsa 等主要作者编写，并有其他贡献者参与。 JavaEE 7 是一个用于构建企业级 web 应用程序的框架，它包含了多个组件和服务，如 Servlet、JSP、EJB（Enterprise JavaBeans）、JPA（Java Persistence API）、CDI（Contexts and Dependency Injection）、JSF（JavaServer Faces）、JAX-RS（Java API for RESTful Web Services）等。这个教程涵盖了这些核心组件的详细使用方法和最佳实践。在 JavaEE 7 中，一些重要的更新包括： 1. Servlet 3.1: 提供了异步处理能力的增强，使得服务器可以更有效地处理高并发请求。 2. JAX-RS 2.0: 引入了响应式编程模型，增强了客户端API，以及支持超媒体作为应用程序状态的驱动（HATEOAS）。 3. WebSocket API: 为实时双向通信提供了标准支持，使得应用程序能够实现低延迟的数据交换。 4. JPA 2.1: 增加了对JSON存储和查询的支持，以及对NoSQL数据库的更好集成。 5. CDI 1.1: 提供了更多的扩展性和可定制性，简化了依赖注入的使用。 6. JSF 2.2: 更新了组件库，支持HTML5和CSS3，以及改进了移动设备的适配。本书的内容可能涵盖以下主题： - 平台概述：介绍 JavaEE 7 的架构、目标和开发环境设置。 - Web 组件：讲解如何使用 Servlet 和 JSP 创建动态网页。 - 企业 Bean：详述 EJB 3.2 的使用，包括会话bean、消息驱动bean和实体bean。 - 持久性：介绍JPA的概念、配置和查询语言（JPQL）。 - 面向服务：探讨RESTful服务的创建，包括JAX-RS的使用。 - CDI 和依赖注入：解释如何管理对象的生命周期和依赖关系。 - 测试和部署：提供有关单元测试、集成测试和应用程序部署的信息。 - 安全性：覆盖了身份验证、授权和安全约束的配置。该教程还可能涉及实际示例代码、最佳实践、常见问题解答和调试技巧，以帮助读者深入理解并应用 JavaEE 7 的各种技术。对于任何想要学习或精通 JavaEE 7 开发的人来说，这是一份宝贵的资源。请确保遵循版权规定，在合法的许可下使用和分发这份材料。如果你在阅读过程中发现任何错误，应当书面报告给出版商。

xvi

20.2.3 Retrieving Localized Messages....................................................................................... 20-3

20.3 Date and Number Formatting................................................................................................ 20-4

20.4 Character Sets and Encodings................................................................................................ 20-4

20.4.1 Character Sets.................................................................................................................... 20-4

20.4.2 Character Encoding.......................................................................................................... 20-5

Part IV Web Services

21 Introduction to Web Services

21.1 What Are Web Services?......................................................................................................... 21-1

21.2 Types of Web Services............................................................................................................. 21-1

21.2.1 "Big" Web Services............................................................................................................ 21-1

21.2.2 RESTful Web Services ...................................................................................................... 21-2

21.3 Deciding Which Type of Web Service to Use ...................................................................... 21-3

22 Building Web Services with JAX-WS

22.1 Creating a Simple Web Service and Clients with JAX-WS ................................................ 22-2

22.1.1 Requirements of a JAX-WS Endpoint............................................................................ 22-2

22.1.2 Coding the Service Endpoint Implementation Class .................................................. 22-3

22.1.3 Building, Packaging, and Deploying the Service......................................................... 22-4

22.1.3.1 To Build, Package, and Deploy the Service Using NetBeans IDE...................... 22-4

22.1.3.2 To Build, Package, and Deploy the Service Using Maven .................................. 22-4

22.1.4 Testing the Methods of a Web Service Endpoint......................................................... 22-4

22.1.4.1 To Test the Service without a Client....................................................................... 22-4

22.1.5 A Simple JAX-WS Application Client............................................................................ 22-5

22.1.5.1 Coding the Application Client................................................................................. 22-5

22.1.5.2 Running the Application Client .............................................................................. 22-6

22.1.6 A Simple JAX-WS Web Client ........................................................................................ 22-6

22.1.6.1 Coding the Servlet..................................................................................................... 22-6

22.1.6.2 Running the Web Client ........................................................................................... 22-8

22.2 Types Supported by JAX-WS................................................................................................. 22-8

22.2.1 Schema-to-Java Mapping................................................................................................. 22-9

22.2.2 Java-to-Schema Mapping................................................................................................. 22-9

22.3 Web Services Interoperability and JAX-WS....................................................................... 22-10

22.4 Further Information about JAX-WS .................................................................................... 22-10

23 Building RESTful Web Services with JAX-RS

23.1 What Are RESTful Web Services? ......................................................................................... 23-1

23.2 Creating a RESTful Root Resource Class.............................................................................. 23-2

23.2.1 Developing RESTful Web Services with JAX-RS ......................................................... 23-2

23.2.2 Overview of a JAX-RS Application................................................................................ 23-3

23.2.3 The @Path Annotation and URI Path Templates......................................................... 23-5

23.2.4 Responding to HTTP Methods and Requests .............................................................. 23-6

23.2.4.1 The Request Method Designator Annotations...................................................... 23-6

23.2.4.2 Using Entity Providers to Map HTTP Response and Request Entity Bodies... 23-8

23.2.5 Using @Consumes and @Produces to Customize Requests and Responses ........... 23-9

xvii

23.2.5.1 The @Produces Annotation...................................................................................... 23-9

23.2.5.2 The @Consumes Annotation.................................................................................. 23-10

23.2.6 Extracting Request Parameters..................................................................................... 23-11

23.3 Example Applications for JAX-RS....................................................................................... 23-14

23.3.1 Creating A Simple RESTful Web Service.................................................................... 23-14

23.3.1.1 To Create a RESTful Web Service Using NetBeans IDE.................................... 23-14

23.3.2 The rsvp Example Application..................................................................................... 23-15

23.3.2.1 Components of the rsvp Example Application................................................... 23-15

23.3.2.2 Running the rsvp Example Application............................................................... 23-16

23.3.3 Real-World Examples..................................................................................................... 23-17

23.4 Further Information about JAX-RS...................................................................................... 23-17

24 Accessing REST Resources with the JAX-RS Client API

24.1 Overview of the Client API .................................................................................................... 24-1

24.2 Creating a Basic Client Request using the Client API ........................................................ 24-1

24.2.1 Obtaining the Client Instance ......................................................................................... 24-2

24.2.2 Setting the Client Target.................................................................................................. 24-2

24.2.2.1 Setting Path Parameters in Targets......................................................................... 24-2

24.2.3 Invoking the Request ....................................................................................................... 24-3

24.3 Using the Client API in the JAX-RS Example Applications .............................................. 24-4

24.3.1 The Client API in the

rsvp

Example Application ........................................................ 24-4

24.3.2 The Client API in the

customer

Example Application................................................ 24-5

24.4 Advance Features of the Client API...................................................................................... 24-6

24.4.1 Configuring the Client Request...................................................................................... 24-6

24.4.1.1 Setting Message Headers in the Client Request.................................................... 24-6

24.4.1.2 Setting Cookies in the Client Request..................................................................... 24-7

24.4.1.3 Adding Filters to the Client...................................................................................... 24-7

24.4.2 Asynchronous Invocations in the Client API ............................................................... 24-8

24.4.2.1 Using Custom Callbacks in Asynchronous Invocations...................................... 24-9

25 JAX-RS: Advanced Topics and Example

25.1 Annotations for Field and Bean Properties of Resource Classes ...................................... 25-1

25.1.1 Extracting Path Parameters............................................................................................. 25-2

25.1.2 Extracting Query Parameters.......................................................................................... 25-2

25.1.3 Extracting Form Data....................................................................................................... 25-3

25.1.4 Extracting the Java Type of a Request or Response..................................................... 25-3

25.2 Validating Resource Data with Bean Validation................................................................. 25-4

25.2.1 Using Constraint Annotations on Resource Methods................................................. 25-4

25.2.2 Validating Entity Data ..................................................................................................... 25-5

25.2.3 Validation Exception Handling and Response Codes ................................................ 25-6

25.3 Subresources and Runtime Resource Resolution................................................................ 25-7

25.3.1 Subresource Methods....................................................................................................... 25-7

25.3.2 Subresource Locators ....................................................................................................... 25-7

25.4 Integrating JAX-RS with EJB Technology and CDI ............................................................ 25-8

25.5 Conditional HTTP Requests................................................................................................... 25-9

25.6 Runtime Content Negotiation.............................................................................................. 25-10

xviii

25.7 Using JAX-RS With JAXB ..................................................................................................... 25-11

25.7.1 Using Java Objects to Model Your Data...................................................................... 25-13

25.7.2 Starting from an Existing XML Schema Definition ................................................... 25-14

25.7.3 Using JSON with JAX-RS and JAXB ............................................................................ 25-16

25.8 The customer Example Application.................................................................................... 25-16

25.8.1 Overview of the customer Example Application....................................................... 25-17

25.8.2 The Customer and Address Entity Classes................................................................. 25-17

25.8.3 The CustomerService Class........................................................................................... 25-19

25.8.4 Using the JAX-RS Client in the CustomerBean Classes............................................ 25-21

25.8.5 Running the customer Example ................................................................................... 25-22

25.8.5.1 To Build, Package, and Deploy the customer Example Using NetBeans IDE 25-22

25.8.5.2 To Build, Package, and Deploy the customer Example Using Maven ............ 25-22

Part V Enterprise Beans

26 Enterprise Beans

26.1 What Is an Enterprise Bean?................................................................................................... 26-1

26.1.1 Benefits of Enterprise Beans............................................................................................ 26-1

26.1.2 When to Use Enterprise Beans........................................................................................ 26-2

26.1.3 Types of Enterprise Beans ............................................................................................... 26-2

26.2 What Is a Session Bean? .......................................................................................................... 26-2

26.2.1 Types of Session Beans..................................................................................................... 26-2

26.2.1.1 Stateful Session Beans............................................................................................... 26-2

26.2.1.2 Stateless Session Beans.............................................................................................. 26-3

26.2.1.3 Singleton Session Beans............................................................................................ 26-3

26.2.2 When to Use Session Beans............................................................................................. 26-3

26.3 What Is a Message-Driven Bean? .......................................................................................... 26-4

26.3.1 What Makes Message-Driven Beans Different from Session Beans?........................ 26-4

26.3.2 When to Use Message-Driven Beans............................................................................. 26-5

26.4 Accessing Enterprise Beans.................................................................................................... 26-5

26.4.1 Using Enterprise Beans in Clients .................................................................................. 26-6

26.4.1.1 Portable JNDI Syntax ................................................................................................ 26-6

26.4.2 Deciding on Remote or Local Access............................................................................. 26-7

26.4.3 Local Clients ...................................................................................................................... 26-7

26.4.3.1 Accessing Local Enterprise Beans Using the No-Interface View ....................... 26-8

26.4.3.2 Accessing Local Enterprise Beans That Implement Business Interfaces........... 26-8

26.4.4 Remote Clients .................................................................................................................. 26-9

26.4.5 Web Service Clients........................................................................................................ 26-10

26.4.6 Method Parameters and Access.................................................................................... 26-10

26.4.6.1 Isolation..................................................................................................................... 26-10

26.4.6.2 Granularity of Accessed Data................................................................................ 26-10

26.5 The Contents of an Enterprise Bean.................................................................................... 26-11

26.6 Naming Conventions for Enterprise Beans........................................................................ 26-11

26.7 The Lifecycles of Enterprise Beans...................................................................................... 26-11

26.7.1 The Lifecycle of a Stateful Session Bean...................................................................... 26-11

26.7.2 The Lifecycle of a Stateless Session Bean .................................................................... 26-12

26.7.3 The Lifecycle of a Singleton Session Bean................................................................... 26-13

xix

26.7.4 The Lifecycle of a Message-Driven Bean..................................................................... 26-13

26.8 Further Information about Enterprise Beans..................................................................... 26-14

27 Getting Started with Enterprise Beans

27.1 Creating the Enterprise Bean.................................................................................................. 27-1

27.1.1 Coding the Enterprise Bean Class .................................................................................. 27-1

27.1.2 Creating the converter Web Client................................................................................. 27-2

27.1.3 Running the converter Example..................................................................................... 27-3

27.1.3.1 To Run the converter Example in NetBeans IDE.................................................. 27-3

27.1.3.2 To Run the converter Example Using Maven ....................................................... 27-3

27.2 Modifying the Java EE Application....................................................................................... 27-4

27.2.1 To Modify a Class File...................................................................................................... 27-4

28 Running the Enterprise Bean Examples

28.1 The cart Example...................................................................................................................... 28-1

28.1.1 The Business Interface...................................................................................................... 28-2

28.1.2 Session Bean Class............................................................................................................ 28-2

28.1.2.1 Lifecycle Callback Methods ..................................................................................... 28-4

28.1.2.2 Business Methods...................................................................................................... 28-4

28.1.3 The @Remove Method ..................................................................................................... 28-5

28.1.4 Helper Classes................................................................................................................... 28-5

28.1.5 Running the cart Example............................................................................................... 28-5

28.1.5.1 To Run the cart Example Using NetBeans IDE..................................................... 28-6

28.1.5.2 To Run the cart Example Using Maven ................................................................. 28-6

28.2 A Singleton Session Bean Example: counter........................................................................ 28-7

28.2.1 Creating a Singleton Session Bean ................................................................................. 28-7

28.2.1.1 Initializing Singleton Session Beans........................................................................ 28-7

28.2.1.2 Managing Concurrent Access in a Singleton Session Bean................................. 28-8

28.2.1.3 Handling Errors in a Singleton Session Bean...................................................... 28-11

28.2.2 The Architecture of the counter Example ................................................................... 28-11

28.2.3 Running the counter Example ...................................................................................... 28-13

28.2.3.1 To Run the counter Example Using NetBeans IDE............................................ 28-13

28.2.3.2 To Run the counter Example Using Maven......................................................... 28-13

28.3 A Web Service Example: helloservice................................................................................. 28-14

28.3.1 The Web Service Endpoint Implementation Class .................................................... 28-14

28.3.2 Stateless Session Bean Implementation Class............................................................. 28-14

28.3.3 Running the helloservice Example............................................................................... 28-15

28.3.3.1 To Build, Package, and Deploy the helloservice Example Using NetBeans IDE........

28-15

28.3.3.2 To Build, Package, and Deploy the helloservice Example Using Maven........ 28-15

28.3.3.3 To Test the Service without a Client..................................................................... 28-15

28.4 Using the Timer Service........................................................................................................ 28-16

28.4.1 Creating Calendar-Based Timer Expressions............................................................. 28-16

28.4.1.1 Specifying Multiple Values in Calendar Expressions........................................ 28-17

28.4.2 Programmatic Timers..................................................................................................... 28-18

28.4.2.1 The @Timeout Method ........................................................................................... 28-18

28.4.2.2 Creating Programmatic Timers............................................................................. 28-19

28.4.3 Automatic Timers ........................................................................................................... 28-20

28.4.4 Canceling and Saving Timers ....................................................................................... 28-20

28.4.5 Getting Timer Information............................................................................................ 28-21

28.4.6 Transactions and Timers................................................................................................ 28-21

28.4.7 The timersession Example............................................................................................. 28-21

28.4.8 Running the timersession Example.............................................................................. 28-23

28.4.8.1 To Run the timersession Example Using NetBeans IDE ................................... 28-24

28.4.8.2 To Build, Package, and Deploy the timersession Example Using Maven ...... 28-24

28.4.8.3 To Run the Web Client............................................................................................ 28-24

28.5 Handling Exceptions ............................................................................................................. 28-24

29 Using the Embedded Enterprise Bean Container

29.1 Overview of the Embedded Enterprise Bean Container.................................................... 29-1

29.2 Developing Embeddable Enterprise Bean Applications.................................................... 29-1

29.2.1 Running Embedded Applications.................................................................................. 29-2

29.2.2 Creating the Enterprise Bean Container........................................................................ 29-2

29.2.2.1 Explicitly Specifying Enterprise Bean Modules to be Initialized ....................... 29-3

29.2.3 Looking Up Session Bean References ............................................................................ 29-3

29.2.4 Shutting Down the Enterprise Bean Container............................................................ 29-3

29.3 The standalone Example Application................................................................................... 29-4

29.3.1 Runing the standalone Example Application in NetBeans IDE ................................ 29-5

29.3.2 Running the standalone Example Application using Maven .................................... 29-5

30 Using Asynchronous Method Invocation in Session Beans

30.1 Asynchronous Method Invocation........................................................................................ 30-1

30.1.1 Creating an Asynchronous Business Method .............................................................. 30-1

30.1.2 Calling Asynchronous Methods from Enterprise Bean Clients................................. 30-2

30.1.2.1 Retrieving the Final Result from an Asynchronous Method Invocation .......... 30-2

30.1.2.2 Cancelling an Asynchronous Method Invocation ................................................ 30-3

30.1.2.3 Checking the Status of an Asynchronous Method Invocation ........................... 30-3

30.2 The async Example Application ............................................................................................ 30-3

30.2.1 Architecture of the async Example Application .......................................................... 30-3

30.2.2 Running the async Example............................................................................................ 30-4

30.2.2.1 To Configure the Keystore and Truststore in GlassFish Server ......................... 30-4

30.2.2.2 To Run the async Example Application Using NetBeans IDE............................ 30-5

30.2.2.3 To Run the async Example Application Using Maven........................................ 30-6

Part VI Contexts and Dependency Injection for Java EE

31 Introduction to Contexts and Dependency Injection for Java EE

31.1 Getting Started.......................................................................................................................... 31-2

31.2 Overview of CDI...................................................................................................................... 31-3

31.3 About Beans.............................................................................................................................. 31-4

31.4 About CDI Managed Beans.................................................................................................... 31-4

31.5 Beans as Injectable Objects...................................................................................................... 31-5

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