构建模块化Java应用：OSGi实战英文全版

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"OSGi in Action 是一本关于在Java中创建模块化应用的专业书籍，由Richard S. Hall、Karl Pauls、Stuart McCulloch和David Savage合著，Manning出版社出版。这本书深入探讨了OSGi（Open Services Gateway Initiative）技术，帮助读者理解和掌握如何在Java环境中利用OSGi实现应用程序的模块化设计。" OSGi是一种Java平台上的模块化系统，它允许开发人员将大型复杂应用分解为小型、独立的模块，这些模块可以独立地部署、更新和管理。通过OSGi，开发者可以实现更灵活、可扩展和可维护的应用架构。本书"OSGi in Action"详细介绍了这一技术，并提供了实践指导。书中涵盖了以下关键知识点： 1. **OSGi基础**：介绍OSGi的基本概念，包括服务、模块系统、类加载器以及OSGi运行时环境。读者会了解到OSGi是如何解决Java类加载问题，提供动态性，以及如何构建模块间的依赖关系。 2. **模块化设计**：讲解如何将传统Java应用转换为模块化结构，强调模块化的好处，如减少耦合、提高可测试性和重用性。作者还会分享最佳实践和设计模式，帮助开发者更好地组织代码。 3. **服务导向架构**：OSGi的核心是服务，书中会解释如何定义和使用服务，以及如何管理服务生命周期。这包括理解服务注册、查找、绑定和解绑等操作。 4. **部署与生命周期管理**：详细阐述OSGi容器如何管理和控制模块的生命周期，包括安装、启动、停止、更新和卸载。此外，还会讨论如何打包和部署OSGi模块，以及使用配置文件来管理模块设置。 5. **企业应用集成**：介绍OSGi在企业级应用中的应用，如与Spring框架的集成，以及如何在Eclipse RCP、Java EE服务器和其他环境中使用OSGi。 6. **案例研究**：书中包含实际的案例研究，展示了OSGi在不同场景下的应用，如嵌入式系统、网络设备和复杂的后端系统，帮助读者将理论知识转化为实践经验。 7. **工具与库**：介绍支持OSGi开发的相关工具和库，如Equinox、Felix等OSGi实现，以及如何使用Bndtools等辅助开发工具。 8. **挑战与解决方案**：面对OSGi使用过程中可能遇到的问题，如类加载问题、性能优化和安全问题，书中提供了解决策略和技巧。通过阅读"OSGi in Action"，Java开发者不仅可以深入了解OSGi技术，还能获得构建模块化应用的实用技能，从而提升软件开发的效率和质量。书中的实例和实践指导使学习过程更加生动且具有实用性，适合有经验的Java开发者和对模块化系统感兴趣的读者。

FOREWORD

Until the day Richard told me he had picked up the book effort again from where

we had stopped, now with a better team: Karl Pauls, Stuart McCulloch, and David Sav-

age. Each of these authors is a great contributor to the open source world as well as to

the

OSGi specifications: Karl for his work on Felix and his testimony to modularity by

doing Felix security as a separate bundle, proving that even the framework architec-

ture is modular; Stuart for his work on the Maven bundle plugin, the popular Ops4J

work, and the Peaberry extension to Guice; and David for the excellent work he is

doing with Sigil at Apache and his work at Paremus. It would be hard to come up with

a team that knows more about how

OSGi is used in the real world. All this experience

radiates from the chapters they’ve written in this impressive book.

While this team undertook the Herculean effort to write this book, I was in close

contact with them all along the way—not only because of our work in the

OSGi Alli-

ance, but also because authoring a book about OSGi is likely to expose weakness or

deficiencies in the specifications, which then obviously results in another, often

heated argument over Skype or email. Unfortunately, to my chagrin, the team was too

often right.

They also asked me to provide the text about the history of

OSGi, an effort that

resulted in probably the highest compression rate ever achieved. Of the 4,356 words I

wrote, I think the word

OSGi remained. But this is exactly what I like: the quest for

quality drove this book, not only in its details but also in its form. It isn’t like many

books today, full of listings outlining in minute steps how to achieve a result. No, this

is a book exactly the way I like it: not only showing in detail how to use

OSGi, but also

going to great length to point out the rationale. It’s a book that explains.

And such a book is needed today. I understand that

OSGi isn’t easy. Although it

builds on an object-oriented foundation, it adds a new set of design primitives to

address the shortcomings of object-oriented design that were uncovered when appli-

cations became humongous assemblies of multiple open source projects and proprie-

tary code. Objects remain an invaluable technique for building software, but the

object-oriented paradigm isn’t well suited to allowing large building blocks (compo-

nents) collaborate without causing too much coupling. We desperately fight objects

with patterns like factories and class-loading hacks, but at a certain scale the work to

prevent coupling becomes a significant part of our efforts. Dependency injection alle-

viated much of the coding pain but moved a lot of the code into

XML, a language that

has the most ill-suited syntax imaginable for human programming tasks. Annotations

provide another level of support for dealing with coupling-—but cause a coupling

problem in themselves. Many of the painkillers we use to alleviate coupling are largely

cosmetic because boundaries aren’t enforced at execution time in traditional Java.

OSGi is different. It treats an application as a collaboration of peer modules: mod-

ules that can adapt themselves to the environment instead of assuming that the envi-

ronment is adapted to them. Adapting to the environment requires a reification of

that environment, and this is where

OSGi has its biggest innovation: µServices.

µServices are the oil between modules that allows modules to evolve over time without

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