单片机与µVision2：外文文献翻译解析

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"这篇文档是关于单片机和Keil µVision2的毕业论文外文文献翻译，主要涵盖了单片机的基本原理和应用，以及可能涉及到的开发工具Keil µVision2的介绍。" 在电子工程领域，单片机（Microcontroller Unit，MCU）扮演着至关重要的角色。它是一种将整个计算机系统集成在一个芯片上的微型计算机，尽管体积小巧，但具备了大多数计算机组件的功能。这些组件包括中央处理器（CPU）、内存（内部和外部存储器）、总线系统，以及通常会有的核心部件。此外，现代的高性能单片机系统还能集成通信接口、计时器、实时时钟等外围设备，甚至可以处理语音、图像、网络和复杂的输入输出系统。单片机也被称为微控制器，这个名字源于其最初在工业控制领域的应用。它是由专用处理器的单片CPU芯片发展而来，设计思想是将大量的外围设备与CPU整合到一个芯片上，使得计算机系统更加紧凑，更易于集成到对体积有严格要求的复杂控制系统中。Intel的Z80处理器就是按照这种设计理念设计的早期8位单片机之一，从此，单片机的发展与专用处理器的发展分道扬镳。 Keil µVision2是单片机开发中常用的一款集成开发环境（Integrated Development Environment，IDE）。它提供了代码编辑、编译、调试等功能，支持多种单片机架构，如ARM、Cortex系列等。开发者可以在该环境中编写、编译源代码，并通过仿真器或实际硬件进行程序调试，极大地提高了开发效率和代码质量。单片机的应用广泛，从家用电器、汽车电子、医疗设备到工业自动化，几乎无处不在。随着技术的进步，单片机的性能不断提升，功能日益丰富，为各种创新应用提供了基础平台。而在学习和研究单片机的过程中，掌握Keil µVision2这样的开发工具是必不可少的技能，它可以帮助开发者快速实现从概念到产品的转化。这篇毕业论文的外文文献翻译，不仅介绍了单片机的基本原理，还可能探讨了如何利用Keil µVision2进行单片机程序设计和调试的具体步骤，对于深入理解单片机系统和实践项目开发具有指导意义。

外文文献

The SCM and µVision2

一、Principle of MCU

Single-chip is an integrated on a single chip a complete computer system. Even

though most of his features in a small chip, but it has a need to complete the majority

of computer components: CPU, memory, internal and external bus system, most will

have the Core. At the same time, such as integrated communication interfaces, timers,

real-time clock and other peripheral equipment. And now the most powerful

single-chip microcomputer system can even voice, image, networking, input and

output complex system integration on a single chip.

Also known as single-chip MCU (Microcontroller), because it was first used in

the field of industrial control. Only by the single-chip CPU chip developed from the

dedicated processor. The design concept is the first by a large number of peripherals

and CPU in a single chip, the computer system so that smaller, more easily integrated

into the complex and demanding on the volume control devices. INTEL the Z80 is

one of the first design in accordance with the idea of the processor, From then on, the

MCU and the development of a dedicated processor parted ways.

Early single-chip 8-bit or all of the four. One of the most successful is INTEL's

8031, because the performance of a simple and reliable access to a lot of good praise.

Since then in 8031 to develop a single-chip microcomputer system MCS51 series.

Based on single-chip microcomputer system of the system is still widely used until

now. As the field of industrial control requirements increase in the beginning of a

16-bit single-chip, but not ideal because the price has not been very widely used.

After the 90's with the big consumer electronics product development, single-chip

technology is a huge improvement. INTEL i960 Series with subsequent ARM in

particular, a broad range of applications, quickly replaced by 32-bit single-chip 16-bit

single-chip high-end status, and enter the mainstream market. Traditional 8-bit

single-chip performance has been the rapid increase in processing power compared to

the 80's to raise a few hundred times. At present, the high-end 32-bit single-chip

frequency over 300MHz, the performance of the mid-90's close on the heels of a

special processor, while the ordinary price of the model dropped to one U.S. dollars,

the most high-end models, only 10 U.S. dollars. Contemporary single-chip

microcomputer system is no longer only the bare-metal environment in the

development and use of a large number of dedicated embedded operating system is

widely used in the full range of single-chip microcomputer. In PDAs and cell phones

as the core processing of high-end single-chip or even a dedicated direct access to

Windows and Linux operating systems.

More than a dedicated single-chip processor suitable for embedded systems, so it

was up to the application. In fact the number of single-chip is the world's largest

computer. Modern human life used in almost every piece of electronic and

mechanical products will have a single-chip integration. Phone, telephone, calculator,

home appliances, electronic toys, handheld computers and computer accessories such

as a mouse in the Department are equipped with 1-2 single chip. And personal

computers also have a large number of single-chip microcomputer in the workplace.

Vehicles equipped with more than 40 Department of the general single-chip, complex

industrial control systems and even single-chip may have hundreds of work at the

same time! SCM is not only far exceeds the number of PC and other integrated

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