PL/M 386编程指南：386技术特性与兼容性

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本篇文档是关于PL/M 386编程技术的详细指南，由RadiSys Corporation发布，适用于586级别的硬件平台。它主要关注于在基于Intel 80386架构的计算机系统中使用PL/M语言进行编程。以下是文档的主要知识点概览： 1. **简介** (Chapter 1) - 文档首先介绍了PL/M 386语言的整体背景，解释了为什么在8086编译器之外选择386版本，以及它与早期8086平台的差异。可能涉及到性能提升、内存管理以及对更高级功能的支持。 2. **语言元素** (Chapter 2) - 这部分详细阐述了PL/M 386语言的基础语法结构，包括关键字、语法规则和控制结构，如循环、条件语句等，确保开发者能正确处理386特定的特性，如寄存器使用和指令集优化。 3. **数据声明、类型和基变量** (Chapter 3) - 对于数据类型（如整型、浮点型、字符型等）、数组和结构体的定义，以及如何根据80386体系结构来声明和初始化变量，提供了深入讲解。这可能包括对内存地址空间的理解和管理。 4. **数组和结构** (Chapter 4) - 提供了针对386平台优化的数组操作技巧，包括多维数组和动态内存分配。同时，结构体的设计和使用，以及它们在数据组织和传递中的角色也在此章节讨论。 5. **表达式和赋值** (Chapter 5) - 解释了PL/M 386中的算术、逻辑和位操作表达式，以及如何处理复杂的运算和运算符优先级。可能涉及386特有的指令，如处理向量和矩阵运算。 6. **函数和过程** (Chapter 6) - 对于函数和过程的定义、参数传递、局部变量的作用域，以及可能利用386的更高效寄存器调用机制进行了介绍。 7. **内存管理和存储类别** (Chapter 7) - 针对386的更大内存容量，讨论了堆栈和静态内存的使用，以及如何有效地管理内存以优化程序性能。 8. **错误处理和异常处理** (Chapter 8) - 包括如何在386环境下处理程序运行时错误，以及使用异常处理机制来增强程序健壮性。 9. **附录和参考资料** - 提供了实用的索引、编码规范和与其他PL/M版本兼容性信息，以及与Microsoft Windows 95和MS-DOS的接口说明。通过阅读这份PL/M 386程序员指南，开发人员可以了解到如何充分利用80386处理器的特性来编写高效、兼容的PL/M程序，并解决在新平台上可能出现的特殊问题。文档强调版权保护并保留所有权利，确保用户在合法范围内使用该技术资料。

xvi Contents

Tables

Table 1-1. Assemblers, Debuggers, and Utilities.......................................................... 2

Table 2-1. PL/M Special Characters............................................................................. 10

Table 3-1. Declaration Elements................................................................................... 17

Table 3-2. Data Types................................................................................................... 31

Table 3-3. WORD32 | WORD16 Data Type Mapping ................................................. 46

Table 5-1. Operator Precedence.................................................................................... 61

Table 5-2. Summary of Expression Rules for PL/M-386.............................................. 74

Table 5-3. Implicit Type Conversions in Assignment Statements for PL/M-386 ......... 79

Table 9-1. Value and Type Conversions for PL/M-386................................................ 138

Table 11-1. Compiler Controls ..................................................................................... 209

Table 11-1. Compiler Controls (continued) .................................................................. 210

Table 11-1. Compiler Controls (continued) .................................................................. 211

Table 11-4. WORD32 | WORD16 Data Type Mapping ............................................... 254

Table 11-5. WORD32 | WORD16 Built-in Mapping.................................................... 255

Table 11-5. WORD32 | WORD16 Built-in Mapping (continued) ................................ 256

Table 13-1. Segmentation Controls and Memory Partitions......................................... 286

Table 13-2. Segmentation Controls, Register Addresses and Pointer Values ............... 287

Table 13-3. Intel386 and Intel486 Microprocessor-specific ES Register Segmentation

Controls, Register Addresses and Pointer Values........................................ 289

Table E-1. Character Set............................................................................................... 353

Table E-1. Character Set (continued)............................................................................ 354

Table E-1. Character Set (continued)............................................................................ 355

Table E-1. Character Set (continued)............................................................................ 356

Table E-1. Character Set (continued)............................................................................ 358

Table F-1. Stack Representation for PL/M Parameters................................................. 363

Table F-2. Summary of the Intel386 Microprocessor Register Usage.......................... 368

Table F-3. Registers Used to Hold Simple Data Types ................................................ 370

Table F-4. Summary of PL/M-386 Segment Names..................................................... 371

Table G-1. Exception and Response Summary............................................................. 387

PL/M-386 Programmer’s Guide Contents xvii

Figures

Figure 1-1. 32-bit Protected Mode iRMX Application Development........................... 3

Figure 3-1. Successive Byte References of a Structure................................................. 44

Figure 7-1. Inclusive Extent of Blocks.......................................................................... 105

Figure 7-2. Sample Program Modules Illustrating Valid GOTO Usage ....................... 112

Figure 7-3. Sample Program Modules Illustrating Valid GOTO Transfers .................. 113

Figure 10-1. The Hardware Flags Register ................................................................... 176

Figure 10-2. The REAL Error Byte .............................................................................. 190

Figure 10-3. The REAL Mode Word............................................................................ 191

Figure 11-1. Sample Program Using Conditional Compilation (SET control).............. 215

Figure 11-2. Sample Program Showing the NOCOND Control ................................... 216

Figure 11-3. Sample Program Showing the OPTIMIZE(0) Control............................. 230

Figure 11-4. Sample Program Showing the OPTIMIZE(1) Control............................. 233

Figure 11-5. Sample Program Showing the OPTlMIZE(2) Control ............................. 239

Figure 11-6. Sample Program Showing the OPTIMIZE(3) Control............................. 242

Figure 11-7. Program Listing........................................................................................ 258

Figure 11-8. Code Listing (continued).......................................................................... 260

Figure 11-9. Cross-reference Listing ............................................................................ 261

Figure 11-10. Compilation Summary............................................................................ 263

Figure 12-1. Source Code for FREQ Module ............................................................... 266

Figure 12-2. Source Code for OPEN Module ............................................................... 270

Figure 12-3. Source Code for PRINT Module.............................................................. 275

Figure 12-4. Include File -- defns.inc............................................................................ 280

Figure 12-5. Include File -- udi.inc............................................................................... 281

Figure F-1. Stack Layout at Point Where a Non-interrupt Procedure is Activated ....... 364

Figure F-2. Stack Layout During Execution of a Non-interrupt Procedure Body......... 365

Figure G-1. Stack Layout at Point Where an Interrupt Procedure Gains Control ......... 382

Figure G-2. Stack Layout during Execution of Interrupt Procedure Body.................... 383

Figure G-3. Tag Word Format...................................................................................... 393

Figure G-4. Memory Layout of the REAL Save Area in Protected Mode for the

386 Microprocessor ..................................................................................... 395

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PL/M 386编程指南：386技术特性与兼容性

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