Python编程快速入门指南：A Byte of Python

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"Byte of Python"知识点总结 **1. Python 编程语言简介** "A Byte of Python"是 Python 编程语言的入门读物，旨在为初学者提供一个完整的编程指南。Python 是一种高级的、解释型的编程语言，它可以应用于各种领域，如 Web 开发、数据分析、人工智能等。 **2. Python 版本选择** Python 有多个版本，包括 Python 2.x 和 Python 3.x。用户可以根据自己的需求选择合适的版本。如果您想学习当前的 Python 2.x 版本，可以下载相应的 PDF 文件或在线阅读。如果您想学习新的 Python 3.0 版本，也可以在线阅读或下载 PDF 文件。 **3. Python 入门指南** "A Byte of Python" 提供了一个完整的 Python 编程指南，涵盖了从基础知识到高级主题的所有方面。这个指南适合所有初学者，即使您不知道如何保存文本文件，也可以从头开始学习 Python 编程。 **4. Python 语言特点** Python 语言具有多种特点，如易于学习、灵活性高、可读性强、可扩展性好等。Python 语言还具有跨平台特性，可以在多种操作系统上运行。 **5. 学习 Python 的益处** 学习 Python 编程语言可以带来很多益处，如提高编程技能、增强逻辑思维能力、提高工作效率等。Python 语言的应用非常广泛，包括 Web 开发、数据分析、人工智能、科学计算等领域。 **6. Python 社区支持** Python 语言有一个庞大的社区支持，提供了丰富的资源和文档，包括官方文档、第三方库、开源项目等。Python 社区也提供了丰富的学习资源，如教程、视频、博客等。 **7. Python 版本选择的建议** 如果您不知道是否学习 Python 2.x 或 Python 3.x，可以阅读 James Bennett 的文章，了解 Python 版本选择的建议。Python 2.x 是当前的稳定版本，而 Python 3.x 是新的版本，具有许多改进的特性。 **8. Python 书籍和资源** "A Byte of Python" 是一本免费的 Python 书籍，提供了完整的 Python 编程指南。此外，还有许多其他的 Python 书籍和资源，包括在线教程、视频教程、博客等。 **9. Python 的应用前景** Python 语言的应用前景非常广泛，包括 Web 开发、数据分析、人工智能、科学计算等领域。Python 语言也可以应用于自动化、数据科学、机器学习等领域。 **10. 结论** "A Byte of Python" 是一本非常有用的 Python 入门读物，提供了完整的 Python 编程指南。Python 语言的应用前景非常广泛，学习 Python 编程语言可以带来很多益处。

Python en:Introduction

system-dependent features.

You can use Python on Linux, Windows, FreeBSD, Macintosh, Solaris, OS/2, Amiga,

AROS, AS/400, BeOS, OS/390, z/OS, Palm OS, QNX, VMS, Psion, Acorn RISC OS,

VxWorks, PlayStation, Sharp Zaurus, Windows CE and even PocketPC !

Interpreted

This requires a bit of explanation.

A program written in a compiled language like C or C++ is converted from the source

language i.e. C or C++ into a language that is spoken by your computer (binary code

i.e. 0s and 1s) using a compiler with various flags and options. When you run the

program, the linker/loader software copies the program from hard disk to memory and

starts running it.

Python, on the other hand, does not need compilation to binary. You just run the

program directly from the source code. Internally, Python converts the source code

into an intermediate form called bytecodes and then translates this into the native

language of your computer and then runs it. All this, actually, makes using Python

much easier since you don't have to worry about compiling the program, making sure

that the proper libraries are linked and loaded, etc, etc. This also makes your Python

programs much more portable, since you can just copy your Python program onto

another computer and it just works!

Object Oriented

Python supports procedure-oriented programming as well as object-oriented

programming. In procedure-oriented languages, the program is built around

procedures or functions which are nothing but reusable pieces of programs. In

object-oriented languages, the program is built around objects which combine data

and functionality. Python has a very powerful but simplistic way of doing OOP,

especially when compared to big languages like C++ or Java.

Extensible

If you need a critical piece of code to run very fast or want to have some piece of

algorithm not to be open, you can code that part of your program in C or C++ and

then use it from your Python program.

Embeddable

You can embed Python within your C/C++ programs to give 'scripting' capabilities for

your program's users.

Extensive Libraries

The Python Standard Library is huge indeed. It can help you do various things

involving regular expressions, documentation generation, unit testing, threading,

databases, web browsers, CGI, FTP, email, XML, XML-RPC, HTML, WAV files,

cryptography, GUI (graphical user interfaces), Tk, and other system-dependent stuff.

Remember, all this is always available wherever Python is installed. This is called the

'Batteries Included' philosophy of Python.

Besides, the standard library, there are various other high-quality libraries such as

wxPython (http:/ / www. wxpython. org) , Twisted (http:/ / www. twistedmatrix. com/

products/ twisted), Python Imaging Library (http:/ / www. pythonware. com/ products/

pil/ index. htm) and many more.

Python en:Introduction

Python is indeed an exciting and powerful language. It has the right combination of

performance and features that make writing programs in Python both fun and easy.

Why not Perl?

If you didn't know already, Perl is another extremely popular open source interpreted

programming language.

If you have ever tried writing a large program in Perl, you would have answered this

question yourself! In other words, Perl programs are easy when they are small and it excels

at small hacks and scripts to 'get work done'. However, they quickly become unwieldy once

you start writing bigger programs and I am speaking this out of my experience writing

large Perl programs at Yahoo!

When compared to Perl, Python programs are definitely simpler, clearer, easier to write

and hence more understandable and maintainable. I do admire Perl and I do use it on a

daily basis for various things but whenever I write a program, I always start thinking in

terms of Python because it has become so natural for me. Perl has undergone so many

hacks and changes, that it feels like it is one big (but one hell of a) hack. Sadly, the

upcoming Perl 6 does not seem to be making any improvements regarding this.

The only and very significant advantage that I feel Perl has, is its huge CPAN (http:/ / cpan.

perl. org) library - the Comprehensive Perl Archive Network. As the name suggests, this is a

humongous collection of Perl modules and it is simply mind-boggling because of its sheer

size and depth - you can do virtually anything you can do with a computer using these

modules. One of the reasons that Perl has more libraries than Python is that it has been

around for a much longer time than Python. However this seems to be changing with the

growing Python Package Index (http:/ / pypi. python. org/ pypi).

Why not Ruby?

If you didn't know already, Ruby is another popular open source interpreted programming

language.

If you already like and use Ruby, then I would definitely recommend you to continue using

it.

For other people who have not used it and are trying to judge whether to learn Python or to

learn Ruby, then I would recommend Python, purely from an ease-of-learning perspective. I

personally found it hard to grok the Ruby language, but for people who understand Ruby,

they all praise the beauty of the language. Unfortunately, I am not as lucky.

What Programmers Say

You may find it interesting to read what great hackers like ESR have to say about Python:

• €Eric S. Raymond is the author of "The Cathedral and the Bazaar" and is also the person

who coined the term Open Source. He says that Python has become his favorite

programming language (http:/ / www. linuxjournal. com/ article. php?sid=3882). This

article was the real inspiration for my first brush with Python.

• €Bruce Eckel is the author of the famous Thinking in Java and Thinking in C++ books.

He says that no language has made him more productive than Python. He says that

Python is perhaps the only language that focuses on making things easier for the

Python en:Installation

For Windows Users

Visit http:/ / www. python. org/ download/ releases/ 3. 0/ and download the latest version

from this website, which was 3.0 beta 1 (http:/ / www. python. org/ ftp/ python/ 3. 0/

python-3. 0b1. msi) as of this writing. This is just 12.8 MB which is very compact compared

to most other languages or software. The installation is just like any other Windows-based

software.

Caution

When you are given the option of unchecking any "optional" components, don't

uncheck any! Some of these components can be useful for you, especially IDLE.

An interesting fact is that majority of Python downloads are by Windows users. Of course,

this doesn't give the complete picture since almost all Linux users will have Python installed

already on their systems by default.

DOS Prompt

If you want to be able to use Python from the Windows command line i.e. the DOS prompt,

then you need to set the PATH variable appropriately.

For Windows 2000, XP, 2003 , click on Control Panel -> System -> Advanced ->

Environment Variables. Click on the variable named PATH in the 'System Variables'

section, then select Edit and add ;C:\Python30 to the end of what is already there. Of

course, use the appropriate directory name.

For older versions of Windows, add the following line to the file C:\AUTOEXEC.BAT :

'PATH=%PATH%;C:\Python30' (without the quotes) and restart the system. For Windows NT,

use the AUTOEXEC.NT file.

For Mac OS X Users

Mac OS X Users will find Python already installed on their system. Open the Terminal.app

and run python -V and follow the advice in the above Linux section.

Summary

For a Linux system, you most probably already have Python installed on your system.

Otherwise, you can install it using the package management software that comes with your

distribution. For a Windows system, installing Python is as easy as downloading the

installer and double-clicking on it. From now on, we will assume that you have Python

installed on your system.

Next, we will write our first Python program.

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