Max/MSP/Jitter快速入门指南：数字媒体处理对象概览

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"MAX MSP JITTER QUICK START 指南" 本指南主要针对Max/MSP/Jitter这一强大的视觉编程环境，它在数字媒体处理领域有着广泛的应用，从原型设计到成品制作都十分有效。Max起源于20世纪80年代中期，其灵活的消息传递架构使其能够随着时间的推移不断进化，添加了许多初始设计时无法预见的功能。 MSP（Max Signal Processing）和Jitter是Max中的两个关键组件，分别处理信号和矩阵数据。起初它们作为Max的扩展产品存在，现在已成为标准发行版的一部分。Max/MSP/Jitter提供了丰富的功能选项，但这也意味着学习曲线相对较陡峭。基础的Max编程学习起来相对快速，但要像学习新语言一样，掌握大约500个Max/MSP/Jitter对象是必不可少的，以实现高效使用。文档提供了一个不完全列举的MSP和Jitter对象列表，按功能类别进行分类，并对每个类别中的常用对象进行了简要注解。在找到特定类别中的对象后，查看该对象的帮助文件，尤其是“See Also”部分，可以进一步探索更多可能性。文档假设读者已具备基本的Max补丁编程知识，如通过完成前五个Max教程获得的基础。在Max中，用户可以通过"New Object List"按类别查找对象。这不是界面对象调色板，而是通过按下'n'键创建新对象，然后将鼠标悬停在对象的右下角，会出现一个带有蓝色圆圈的等号；点击这个图标即可打开"New Object List"。本指南基于Max/MSP/Jitter版本5.0.5，由Randy Jones于2009年1月编写，旨在提供一个概述，尽管不全面，但涵盖了Max/MSP/Jitter在数字媒体处理能力方面的核心组件和常用工具。 1. 引言强调了Max环境在数字媒体处理中的重要性，以及MSP和Jitter如何从扩展产品逐渐成为核心组件。通过这份快速入门指南，读者可以了解Max/MSP/Jitter的基本用法，逐步熟悉信号处理和矩阵运算，为进一步深入学习和实践奠定基础。在实践中不断探索，结合提供的帮助文件和教程，将有助于更好地掌握这一强大的工具集。

MSP / Jitter Quick Start

being an overview, by no means comprehensive, of the digital media processing capabilities of Max/MSP/Jitter,

organized into functional groups of objects with brief annotations.

Based on Max/MSP/Jitter version 5.0.5. Randy Jones, January 2009.

1 INTRODUCTION

The Max visual programming environment is a very effective way to work with digital media, in applications from

prototype to ﬁnished product. Max was created in the mid 1980’s, and its ﬂexible message-passing architecture has

enabled it to evolve fairly gracefully since that time, incorporating features unimagined at the time of its initial design.

MSP and Jitter are groups of Max objects that deal with signals and matrix data respectively. Each started out as a separate

product that extended Max, but both extensions are now becoming more and more part of the standard distribution.

With all of the options available in Max/MSP/Jitter come a fairly steep learning curve. Basic programming in Max

itself is relatively quick to learn, but just as there is no way around studying vocabulary when learning a new language,

getting to know a large number of the roughly 500 objects in Max/MSP/Jitter is necessary in order to use it well. This

document provides a list of some MSP and Jitter objects divided by functional groups. It is by no means comprehensive.

I have tried to mention the most useful and commonly-used objects in each of some main categories. After ﬁnding an

object in a given category, the help ﬁle for that object, in particular its “See Also” section, is a good gateway to further

possibilities. A basic knowledge of Max patching, such as can be gained from going through the ﬁrst ﬁve Max tutorials

or so, is assumed here for brevity.

Many objects can be found by category in Max using the New Object List. This is a text list, different from the UI

object palette that appears when the canvas is double-clicked. To use the New Object List, press ‘n’ to create a new object,

then move the mouse to hover over the lower right corner of the object. An equals sign in a blue circle should appear;

clicking on this little guy brings up the New Object List.

2 MSP

MSP and its many objects allow digital signal processing (DSP) within the Max framework. DSP is fundamentally

different from the message-based processing done by Max. Every signal is an isochronous stream of samples: each

sample must follow the next at a constant rate, typically 44,100 or 96,000 samples per second. The computer must do all

of the DSP calculations fast enough to keep an audio interface suppled with samples at this rate, or we will hear clicks

and pops in its output. MSP objects have names ending in a tilde (∼) to help avoid confusion with Max objects.

2.1 Audio Fundamentals

We can represent any signal such as an audio channel in two complementary ways: the time domain and the frequency

domain. Signals in the time domain are sequences of samples one after the other; each sample represents an instantaneous

value of the signal. Sending the stream of samples to a digital to analog converter using the dac∼ or ezdac∼ objects

lets us hear them as sound. Attaching a scope∼ object lets us see a graph of the signal’s samples similar to what an

oscilloscope would produce. Use this object with some caution though: it skips samples of the signal in order to draw fast

enough, and is not as reliable a diagnostic tool as a real oscilloscope.

The frequency domain gives us an alternate representation for sound that more closely parallels our own perception.

The Fourier theorem states that any continuous, periodic signal can be exactly described as a sum of sinusoidal waves

of different frequencies. Where a time-domain graph of a signal shows its changing amplitude over time, a frequency-

domain graph shows the amplitude of each sinusoidal frequency that makes up the current signal over a very short time

window. The spectrogram∼ object lets us see a signal in the frequency domain.

A sampled signal can store information at a range of frequencies from 0 Hertz (a signal with a constant value) to one

half the sampling rate. If a signal contains frequencies outside of this range, and is sampled without proper ﬁltering,

aliasing, or a non-physical folding of harmonics, will result. Listening to the output of phasor∼, a geometric sawtooth

wave, versus saw∼, an antialiased sawtooth wave, can give us some feel for what aliasing sounds like. In scientiﬁc

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