180纳米CMOS技术下的非相干IR-UWB接收器前端设计

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"这篇论文详细介绍了采用180纳米CMOS技术设计的一种非相干IR-UWB（Impulse Radio Ultra-Wideband）接收器前端。该前端电路包括宽带低噪声放大器（LNA）、相关器、积分器和比较器，旨在实现低复杂度的射频前端。在0.18微米的CMOS工艺下实现，整个接收器前端功耗为35.1毫瓦，工作电压为1.8V。" 正文：非相干IR-UWB接收器前端设计是无线通信领域中的一个重要研究方向，特别是在180纳米CMOS工艺下，能够实现高效能与低功耗的平衡。本设计的核心在于其低复杂度，这使得整个接收器适合于能量检测和非相干通信系统，其中不依赖于相位信息进行信号解码，而是依赖于信号强度。首先，该设计的宽带低噪声放大器（LNA）是接收器前端的关键组成部分，它的主要任务是将接收到的微弱信号放大，同时尽可能降低噪声引入。通过使用RC反馈网络和退化电感进行宽频输入阻抗匹配，确保了LNA在整个UWB低频带（3~5GHz）内具有良好的匹配性能。模拟结果显示，LNA的噪声系数在2.6到3.1dB之间，这表明其对信号的噪声抑制能力较好；其反射系数S11小于-10dB，意味着信号损失较小，能有效地将信号传输到后续电路。其次，相关器采用吉尔伯特混频器，这种结构在非相干通信中特别适用，因为它不需要精确的相位同步。电流注入技术被应用到混频器中，以提升增益和线性性能，这有助于改善信号处理的精度和效率。再者，积分器在信号处理中起到关键作用，它整合了连续时间信号，为后续的比较器提供了一个平均的、连续的信号表示。比较器则用于判断信号强度是否超过阈值，从而做出决策。最后，关于模拟结果，LNA的平均功率增益约为16.8dB，这意味着在接收端显著提升了信号强度。而混频器的性能虽未在摘要中完整给出，但可以推测其在非相干解调过程中提供了有效的信号转换。这篇论文提供的180纳米CMOS技术下的非相干IR-UWB接收器前端设计方案，展示了在低功耗和小尺寸限制下实现高性能接收器的可能性。这种设计对于UWB通信系统的微型化和低功耗要求具有重要的实际意义，尤其是在物联网、无线传感器网络和短距离高速通信等应用场景中。

Design of an Incoherent IR-UWB Receiver Front-End in 180-nm CMOS Technology

Jihai Duan

, Qiangyu Hao

, Yu Zheng, Baolin Wei, Weilin Xu, Shichao Xu

School of Information & Communication

Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China

E-mail: phddjh@gmail.com

E-mail: 113263709@qq.com

Abstract

A novel low-complexity RF front-end circuit for impulse-

radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) receiver based on non-coherent

communication was presented. The RF front-end includes a

wideband low noise amplifier (LNA), a correlator, an integrator

and a comparator. The RF front-end circuit is implemented in a

0.18-μm CMOS technology, consuming 35.1 mW under 1.8V.

The wideband input impedance matching of LNA is conducted

by employing an RC feedback network and a degenerating

inductor. A Gilbert mixer is used as the correlator. A current

injection technology is used to improve the gain and linearity of

the mixer.

The simulation results show that: the noise figure (NF)

of the LNA is from 2.6 to 3.1 dB and the reflected coefficient

) < -10 dB, covering standard UWB low band of 3~5 GHz.

The average power gain (S

) of LNA is about 16.8 dB. The

mixer gets a conversion gain of 15.01 dB and its input 3

order

intercept point (IIP3) is -3.47 dBm. The designed receiver front-

end can correctly demodulate IR-UWB signals with a data rate

of 50Mbps under a power of -90dBm.

Keywords

UWB Receiver, LNA, Correlator, Energy detect

1. Introduction

With the interdisciplinary integration of medical technology,

communication and integrated circuit, the research of wireless

communication ICs for biomedical applications have become a

focus [1]. These ICs should meet the requirements of small size,

low complexity, low noise, and low power consumption for

portable short-range wireless communication systems in

biomedical applications [2]. UWB is a prime candidate for

biomedical applications due to its characteristics of low transmit

power levels and high-data rates. Its frequency range is 3.1–10.6

GHz. Impulse Radio-UWB (IR-UWB) is actively being

researched as a low cost wireless technology for biomedical

applications. In current solutions, coherent receiver and self-

coherent receiver are the common structures for IR-UWB

communication system [3]. The Fig. 1 shows the structure of

coherent receiver. The Fig. 2 shows the structure of self-

coherent receiver. However, the coherent receiver and the self-

coherent receiver both require a synchronizer. Due to the short

duration (nanosecond) of UWB pulses, the design of the

synchronizer is a challenge. In order to get a smaller die area

and lower power consumption, this paper presents a low-

complexity IR-UWB receiver front-end circuit without the

synchronizer targeted for low band of UWB spectrum from 3

GHz to 5 GHz.

2. System Structure

In order to design a RF front-end without synchronizer, we

choose a kind of structure of the receiver front-end is shown in

Fig. 3 [4]. The signal from an UWB receiving antenna is very

weak. It is necessary to use a low noise amplifier (LNA) to

amplify the weak signals for a UWB RF receiver. A correlator is

used to realize the self-correlation to obtain the envelope of the

modulation signal. The output of the correlator contains two

tones, namely, a summary frequency tone and a differential-

frequency tone [4]. The integrator integrates the output signal of

the correlator. The output signal of the integrator is quantified

by the comparator. The following emphatically introduces the

LNA and correlator.

Figure 1: Block diagram of coherent receiver

Figure 2: Block diagram of self-coherent receiver

Figure 3: Block diagram of the presented system

3. LNA Circuit Topology

Fig. 4 shows the schematic structure of the LNA presented in

this paper. C1 is coupling capacitor; R2 is the feedback resistor;

C2 is the coupling capacitor. The broadband input matching

network consists of L1, L2 and feedback loops. By embedding

the input matching network, a wideband input matching is

achieved. The Cascode structure consists of M1, M2. By using

the Cascode configuration, the reverse isolation between input

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