Swift 3速成：掌握新功能与平台迁移指南

Swift3

Features

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Preface
[ 5 ]
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What Were They Thinking?

[ 8 ]

I want to briefly touch on a couple of themes here as it will provide a base for the material

you will find in the remaining chapters:

Apple believes that for Swift to grow in adoption it needs a strong community.

The path to rapid Swift adoption is to include the voices of the community in its

development.

Swift is a general-purpose language that could and should run on any platform.

Imagine running Swift on Linux or on the Internet of Things (IoT) you create or

need to control. Apple believes that the Swift language is so capable that they

removed the barriers that tied Swift to running on a Mac, opening endless

possibilities for platform portability. Apple wants the community to find ways to

get Swift to run on other platforms. Today, the Swift team is supporting a port to

Linux. Tomorrow, the Swift team could have official support for a wide range of

platforms.

In order to make the first two themes possible, the Swift team needs to get things

right from the beginning with Swift 3. Unfortunately, this means that the new

changes in Swift 3 do not work well with previous releases of Swift. The Swift 3

release will fix and remove things that were awkward in Swift 2 (and its

predecessors). Swift 3 also re-imagines how it interacts with Cocoa and Objective-

C to make the APIs that bridge them feel more Swifty.

Swift is a really big deal to Apple and expectations from the language are high. Apple has

laid out its roadmap for how it expects to reach its goals. In fact, you can stay current with

all things Swift by subscribing to one of the mailing lists found here h t t p s : / / s w i f t . o r g / c o

m m u n i t y / # m a i l i n g - l i s t s. The main method for communicating with the Swift community

is via mailing lists. You can find mailing lists that cater to general information as well as

lists for day-to-day updates on the language. The Swift mailing lists can be a valuable tool

that you should not overlook.

In the next section, we will talk about what the open source community means for you as a

Swift developer.

Open source Swift

On December 3 2015, Apple open-sourced Swift (including the language, supporting

libraries, debugger, and package manager) under the Apache 2.0 license and launched the h

t t p s : / / S w i f t . o r g / website on the same day. h t t p s : / / S w i f t . o r g / is the official site to

find resources on the various projects that make up Swift. It's your main source to read

announcements on all of the development work on the language, from proposals of new

features, to links to development branches of Swift code that you can download and test.

What Were They Thinking?

[ 9 ]

h t t p s : / / S w i f t . o r g / is a website that you will want to bookmark for future reference. The

entire Swift codebase is hosted on GitHub and is available for anyone to access. Take a

second to think about that. Anyone can download Swift, play around with a binary, build a

project, or look under the hood to see how things actually work. For a company of Apple's

size and reputation, releasing Swift, the language that they are betting on to power all of

their applications, to the community is amazing and should not be taken lightly. This is

huge!

Naturally, Apple didn't just hand the language over and walk away. Instead, Apple set up

an internal team to shepherd the development process and to be responsible for the day-to-

day project management. The open sourced version of the Swift language is comprised of a

group of projects each hosted as a separate repository on GitHub. Today, you can find links

to six active projects:

Swift compiler: Command line tool

Standard library: Distributed as part of the core language

Core libraries: Provide a higher level functionality

LLDB debugger: Includes the Swift REPL

Swift Package manager: Building projects and distributing them

Each project has a dedicated section on h t t p s : / / S w i f t . o r g / that explains the project goals

and links on how to use both Swift and contribute as a community member. I encourage

you to review h t t p s : / / S w i f t . o r g / to get a better handle on all things Swift from Apple's

perspective. Before we end our section on where to find resources on Swift, I do want to

briefly discuss what it means to be a community contributor.

The community structure has been well thought out and it's designed to provide strong

leadership from members in the community. This structure will guide the on-going

development of the language and will hopefully ensure that as the community expands,

many new community contributors will have a voice that is heard and respected. See below

for the roles that make up members of the community:

Project Lead: Apple is the project lead and will select others from the community

to serve in various technical lead positions

Core Team: This small team of engineers is responsible for strategic direction

Code Owner: This title goes to anyone responsible for a specific area of a Swift

project codebase

Committer: This role is given to anyone with commit access to a Swift repository

Contributor: This role is reserved for anyone who contributes to a patch or helps

with a code review

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