使用QualNet 6.1进行网络模拟编程指南

网络仿真

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"QualNet-6.1-Programmer'sGuide" QualNet是一款强大的网络仿真软件，主要用于网络协议的研发和性能评估。本指南针对的是那些希望利用QualNet的接口和编程功能进行自定义协议模型开发的程序员。它期望读者对所使用的操作系统（Windows或Linux）的编程特性以及C++编程环境有基本的了解，并且熟悉网络编程术语和概念。在深入QualNet的编程之前，了解其主要组件是必要的。QualNet包含了一系列层次化的网络层，包括应用层、传输层、网络层、链路（MAC）层、物理层以及通信介质。这些层共同构成了QualNet的协议栈，使得用户能够模拟各种复杂的网络环境和协议交互。 1. 应用层：这是网络模型的最高层，负责处理特定的应用程序数据，如HTTP、FTP等。 2. 传输层：该层处理端到端的数据传输，如TCP和UDP，确保数据的可靠传输或无连接服务。 3. 网络层：这一层主要处理路由选择和数据包转发，如IP协议在此层工作。 4. 链路层（MAC层）：MAC层处理节点间的物理连接，包括地址识别和帧的错误检测，如以太网协议。 5. 物理层：物理层定义了数据如何在通信介质上传输，包括信号的编码和解码。 6. 通信介质：可以是无线、有线或其他类型的网络连接，例如光纤、双绞线或无线电波。 7. 节点移动性：QualNet支持移动节点模型，能够模拟移动通信网络中的动态拓扑变化。在开始编程之前，理解QualNet的文件组织结构至关重要。文件组织涉及到源代码、头文件、配置文件等，它们共同构成一个完整的模拟项目。在Windows环境下，编译QualNet涉及设置环境变量、链接库等步骤，通常需要使用Visual Studio或类似的IDE。而在Linux系统中，可能需要使用GCC编译器，通过Makefile来管理编译过程。调试是软件开发中不可或缺的部分。QualNet提供了一些内置的调试工具，如日志记录、事件跟踪和性能分析，帮助程序员定位问题并优化模型性能。此外，熟悉C++的调试工具，如GDB，也是必不可少的。在深入学习QualNet的编程时，读者将逐步掌握如何创建自定义节点类型、实现新协议、设定仿真参数、进行性能分析等技能。这将有助于他们构建和测试各种网络场景，从而在实际网络设计中做出更明智的决策。通过QualNet，程序员能够进行大规模的网络仿真实验，模拟现实世界中的网络行为，以评估新协议或网络架构的性能和稳定性。

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xvi QualNet 6.1 Programmer’s Guide

6.3.2 Functions for Injecting Traffic from External Interfaces.................................. 483

6.3.3 Operating System-specific Utility Functions for Sockets................................ 491

6.3.3.1 Functions for Variable-sized Array Operations........................................ 492

6.3.3.2 Host-to-Network Byte Order Functions ................................................... 493

6.3.3.3 External Socket Functions....................................................................... 493

Chapter 7 Dynamic API ...................................................................... 497

7.1 Implementation of the Dynamic API.................................................................. 498

7.1.1 Dynamic Objects ............................................................................................ 498

7.1.2 Built-in Dynamic Objects ................................................................................ 498

7.1.3 Hierarchy of Objects....................................................................................... 498

7.1.4 Listening......................................................................................................... 498

7.1.5 Data Component of a Dynamic Object........................................................... 499

7.1.6 Dynamic Commands...................................................................................... 499

7.2 Using the Dynamic API from an External Interface ......................................... 501

7.3 Dynamically Enabling a Protocol ...................................................................... 503

7.3.1 Declare Dynamic Variables............................................................................ 503

7.3.2 Adding a Dynamic Object to the Hierarchy .................................................... 503

7.3.3 Object Permissions ........................................................................................ 506

7.3.4 Initializing a Dynamically Enabled Protocol.................................................... 506

7.3.5 Dynamic Strings ............................................................................................. 507

7.4 Defining New Dynamic Data Types................................................................... 507

7.4.1 Defining the Data Component........................................................................ 507

7.4.2 Defining the Object Component ..................................................................... 508

Appendix A Coding Guidelines for 64-bit Platforms .............................. 510

A.1 Introduction......................................................................................................... 510

A.2 Coding Guidelines and Compatibility Issues .................................................. 511

A.3 References .......................................................................................................... 514

Appendix B Coding Guidelines for Multi-Processor Platforms .............. 515

B.1 General Guidelines............................................................................................. 515

B.1.1 Global Variables ............................................................................................ 515

B.1.2 Accessing Other Nodes................................................................................. 516

B.1.3 MAC Lookahead ............................................................................................ 518

B.1.4 Inter-Layer APIs............................................................................................. 520

B.2 External Interface Issues ................................................................................... 521

B.2.1 Node Lists...................................................................................................... 521

B.2.2 Loose Events ................................................................................................. 521

xviii QualNet 6.1 Programmer’s Guide

Preface

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Who Should Read this Guide

The intended audience of QualNet 6.1 Programmer’s Guide are programmers who want to use the

interface and programming functions in QualNet for their own simulation purposes and to develop

customized protocol models. It assumes you are familiar with the programming features of your operating

system (Windows or Linux) and with the C++ programming environment. Additionally, this guide assumes

you are familiar with network programming terminology and concepts.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

How this Guide is Organized

This guide contains the following information:

• Chapter 1 introduces the different components of QualNet and the protocol stack that forms the basis of

the QualNet architecture.

• Chapter 2 gives an overview of the QualNet directory and file organization. It also provides instructions

for compiling and debugging QualNet, and for activating an add-on module.

• Chapter 3 gives an overview of the QualNet simulation engine. It introduces discrete-event simulation

and describes how protocols are modeled in QualNet. It describes the types of events used in QualNet

and their implementation. This chapter also introduces the hierarchical architecture of the QualNet

simulation engine.

• Chapter 4 describes the procedures for developing and adding a custom model to QualNet. It contains

the following sections:

Section 4.1 describes some tasks common to developing most models: Reading user-specified

configuration parameters from an input file, Programming with message info fields, and Random

number generation.

Section 4.2 describes the Application Layer protocols implemented in QualNet, the directories and

files relevant to the Application Layer, and Application Layer data structures and APIs. This chapter

gives a detailed description of the procedure to develop and add an Application Layer protocol to

QualNet. Two types of protocols are covered in this section: traffic-generating protocols and

Application Layer routing protocols.

Section 4.3 describes the Transport Layer protocols implemented in QualNet, the directories and

files relevant to the Transport Layer, and Transport Layer data structures and APIs. This section

QualNet 6.1 Programmer’s Guide xix

gives a detailed description of the procedure to develop and add a Transport Layer protocol to

QualNet.

Section 4.4 describes the Network Layer protocols implemented in QualNet, the directories and files

relevant to the Network Layer, and Network Layer data structures and APIs. This section gives a

detailed description of the procedure to develop and add a Network Layer protocol to QualNet. The

following types of protocols are covered in this section: Network Layer unicast routing protocols,

Network Layer multicast routing protocols, queueing protocols, and schedulers.

Section 4.5 describes the MAC Layer protocols implemented in QualNet, the directories and files

relevant to the MAC Layer, and MAC Layer data structures and APIs. This chapter gives a detailed

description of the procedure to develop and add wired and wireless MAC protocols to QualNet.

Section 4.6 describes the Physical Layer protocols implemented in QualNet, the directories and files

relevant to the Physical Layer, and Physical Layer data structures and APIs. This section gives a

detailed description of the procedure to develop and add PHY and antenna models to QualNet.

Section 4.7 describes the communication medium models implemented in QualNet, the directories

and files relevant to the communication medium, and communication medium data structures and

APIs. This section gives a detailed description of the procedure to develop and add a

communication medium model to QualNet.

Section 4.8 describes the node mobility models implemented in QualNet, the directories, files, and

data structures relevant to node mobility models. This section gives a detailed description of the

procedure to develop and add a node mobility model to QualNet.

Section 4.9 describes the procedure to add trace collection to a protocol.

Section 4.10 describes the procedure to develop and add a custom add-on module to QualNet.

Section 4.11 describes the procedure to enable communication between non-adjacent layers and

communication among layers across nodes.

• Chapter 5 describes the GUI component of QualNet and how to use it for protocol development.

• Chapter 6 describes the external interface API that allows QualNet to interface with external entities

such as other programs or physical devices.

• Chapter 7 describes the dynamic API that allows users and programs to dynamically modify and

monitor a QualNet simulation.

• Appendix A lists some coding guidelines and compatibility issues when developing QualNet models for

64-bit platforms.

• Appendix B lists some coding guidelines for developing QualNet models for multi-processor

architectures.

xx QualNet 6.1 Programmer’s Guide

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

QualNet Document List

The following table shows the QualNet Documentation Set and offers a brief description of each document.

Document Description

QualNet API Reference Guide This guide is a supplement to QualNet Programmer’s Guide and

provides detailed information on the QualNet API functions and

parameters. This is available in both PDF and HTML formats.

QualNet Distributed Reference Guide This guide provides instructions for running QualNet on a

distributed architecture.

QualNet Documentation Portfolio The documentation portfolio combines all QualNet documents in a

single PDF file.

QualNet Installation Guide This guide provides detailed steps for installing QualNet on

Windows and Linux/Mac platforms.

QualNet Model Libraries This set of documents contains detailed reference information on all

QualNet models and includes the following protocol libraries. See

QualNet Model Library Index for an alphabetical list of all our

models and a reference to which library they can be found in.

Advanced Wireless

Cellular

Developer

LTE

Multimedia and Enterprise

Sensor Networks

Standard Interfaces

TIREM Advanced Propagation

UMTS

Urban Propagation

Wireless

QualNet Product Tour This tour provides an introduction to QualNet by means of an

example.

QualNet Programmer’s Guide This is a guide to the QualNet programming interface and functions,

allowing users to develop and customize protocol models.

QualNet Release Notes This document lists the changes (added and removed features, bug

fixes, etc.) made in the current version of QualNet with respect to

the previous version.

QualNet Statistics Database User’s Guide This is a guide to the statistics database generated by QualNet.

QualNet User’s Guide This is a detailed guide for using QualNet and works in combination

with the QualNet Model Libraries set of documents.

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