NS3 Model Library: 版本3.24详细介绍与关键模块

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NS3-Model-Library是一个针对NS3 (Network Simulator 3) 的模型库，它包含了多个模块的设计、用户文档和测试文档，旨在支持复杂的网络仿真研究。NS3是一款广泛使用的开源网络模拟器，用于设计和评估网络协议、设备和应用的性能。 1. **组织结构**: - NS3 Model Library提供了清晰的组织框架，便于用户查找特定功能的模型。每个模块如动画（NetAnim）、无线通信模块（AntennaModule）和应用模块（如AODV、BridgeNetDevice等）都有独立的介绍和文档。 2. **动画与可视化**: - NetAnim部分着重于网络行为的可视化，使得复杂网络实验的结果更易于理解，有助于研究人员进行模型调试和验证。 3. **无线通信模块**: - AntennaModule包含设计文档，详细描述了模块的功能和实现原理，同时提供用户指南和测试文档，帮助开发者在实际项目中正确集成和使用。 4. **路由协议模型**: - AODV (Ad-Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) 是一个动态路由算法模型，用于模拟无线自组网中的路由行为，包括模型描述和使用指导。 5. **其他模块**: - BridgeNetDevice和BRITEIntegration代表了不同的网络连接或集成模型，例如桥接设备和分布式路由器技术。它们分别提供了模型描述、使用方法以及可能的验证结果。 6. **建筑模型与数据收集**: - BuildingsModule涉及建筑物环境对无线信号传播的影响，包括设计文档、用户指南和测试文档，以及数据收集工具的开发和使用。 7. **Click Modular Router Integration**: - 这个模块将Click modular router引入NS3，提供了一个模块化的网络核心，支持灵活的网络配置，并附带模型描述、用法和模型验证的过程。 8. **CSMA/CD模型**: - CSMANetDevice模型关注Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)协议的仿真，包括模型概述、子层模型、使用指导和日志追踪。 9. **数据收集与分析**: - DataCollection模块是专门设计用于收集仿真数据的工具，包括设计原理、辅助工具、探针、收集器、聚合器和适配器，以及其适用范围和局限性。 10. **DSDV路由模型**: - DSDVRoutingOverview提供了分布式选择性距离矢量路由算法的模型，用于理解和实现网络中的路径发现机制。通过NS3-Model-Library，用户能够深入理解并利用这些模块来构建和测试各种网络应用场景，为网络研究和教学提供强大的工具支持。

ns-3 Model Library, Release ns-3.24

format along with the corresponding tx and rx timestamps. The XML format will be discussed in a later section. It is

important to note that AnimationInterface records a packet only if the rx trace hooks are called. Every tx event must

be matched by an rx event.

2.1.2 Downloading NetAnim

If NetAnim is not already available in the ns-3 package you downloaded, you can do the following:

Please ensure that you have installed mercurial. The latest version of NetAnim can be downloaded using mercurial

with the following command:

$ hg clone http://code.nsnam.org/netanim

2.1.3 Building NetAnim

Prerequisites

Qt4 (4.7 and over) is required to build NetAnim. This can be obtained using the following ways:

For Debian/Ubuntu Linux distributions:

$ apt-get install qt4-dev-tools

For Red Hat/Fedora based distribution:

$ yum install qt4

$ yum install qt4-devel

For Mac/OSX, see http://qt.nokia.com/downloads/

Build steps

To build NetAnim use the following commands:

$ cd netanim

$ make clean

$ qmake NetAnim.pro (For MAC Users: qmake -spec macx-g++ NetAnim.pro)

$ make

Note: qmake could be “qmake-qt4” in some systems

This should create an executable named “NetAnim” in the same directory:

$ ls -l NetAnim

-rwxr-xr-x 1 john john 390395 2012-05-22 08:32 NetAnim

2.1.4 Usage

Using NetAnim is a two-step process

Step 1:Generate the animation XML trace ﬁle during simulation using “ns3::AnimationInterface” in the ns-3 code

base.

Step 2:Load the XML trace ﬁle generated in Step 1 with the ofﬂine Qt4-based animator named NetAnim.

10 Chapter 2. Animation

ns-3 Model Library, Release ns-3.24

Step 1: Generate XML animation trace ﬁle

The class “AnimationInterface” under “src/netanim” uses underlying ns-3 trace sources to construct a timestamped

ASCII ﬁle in XML format.

Examples are found under src/netanim/examples Example:

$ ./waf -d debug configure --enable-examples

$ ./waf --run "dumbbell-animation"

The above will create an XML ﬁle dumbbell-animation.xml

Mandatory

1. Ensure that your program’s wscript includes the “netanim” module. An example of such a wscript is at

src/netanim/examples/wscript.

2. Include the header [#include “ns3/netanim-module.h”] in your test program

3. Add the statement

AnimationInterface anim ("animation.xml"); // where "animation.xml" is any arbitrary filename

[for versions before ns-3.13 you also have to use the line “anim.SetXMLOutput() to set the XML mode and also use

anim.StartAnimation();]

Optional

The following are optional but useful steps:

// Step 1

anim.SetMobilityPollInterval (Seconds (1));

AnimationInterface records the position of all nodes every 250 ms by default. The statement above sets the periodic

interval at which AnimationInterface records the position of all nodes. If the nodes are expected to move very little, it

is useful to set a high mobility poll interval to avoid large XML ﬁles.

// Step 2

anim.SetConstantPosition (Ptr< Node > n, double x, double y);

AnimationInterface requires that the position of all nodes be set. In ns-3 this is done by setting an associated Mobili-

tyModel. “SetConstantPosition” is a quick way to set the x-y coordinates of a node which is stationary.

// Step 3

anim.SetStartTime (Seconds(150)); and anim.SetStopTime (Seconds(150));

AnimationInterface can generate large XML ﬁles. The above statements restricts the window between which Ani-

mationInterface does tracing. Restricting the window serves to focus only on relevant portions of the simulation and

creating manageably small XML ﬁles

// Step 4

AnimationInterface anim ("animation.xml", 50000);

Using the above constructor ensures that each animation XML trace ﬁle has only 50000 packets. For example, if

AnimationInterface captures 150000 packets, using the above constructor splits the capture into 3 ﬁles

• animation.xml - containing the packet range 1-50000

• animation.xml-1 - containing the packet range 50001-100000

2.1. NetAnim 11

ns-3 Model Library, Release ns-3.24

• animation.xml-2 - containing the packet range 100001-150000

// Step 5

anim.EnablePacketMetadata (true);

With the above statement, AnimationInterface records the meta-data of each packet in the xml trace ﬁle. Metadata

can be used by NetAnim to provide better statistics and ﬁlter, along with providing some brief information about the

packet such as TCP sequence number or source & destination IP address during packet animation.

CAUTION: Enabling this feature will result in larger XML trace ﬁles. Please do NOT enable this feature when using

Wimax links.

// Step 6

anim.UpdateNodeDescription (5, "Access-point");

With the above statement, AnimationInterface assigns the text “Access-point” to node 5.

// Step 7

anim.UpdateNodeSize (6, 1.5, 1.5);

With the above statement, AnimationInterface sets the node size to scale by 1.5. NetAnim automatically scales the

graphics view to ﬁt the oboundaries of the topology. This means that NetAnim, can abnormally scale a node’s size too

high or too low. Using AnimationInterface::UpdateNodeSize allows you to overwrite the default scaling in NetAnim

and use your own custom scale.

// Step 8

anim.UpdateNodeCounter (89, 7, 3.4);

With the above statement, AnimationInterface sets the counter with Id == 89, associated with Node 7 with the value

3.4. The counter with Id 89 is obtained using AnimationInterface::AddNodeCounter. An example usage for this is in

src/netanim/examples/resources_demo.cc.

Step 2: Loading the XML in NetAnim

1. Assuming NetAnim was built, use the command ”./NetAnim” to launch NetAnim. Please review the section

“Building NetAnim” if NetAnim is not available.

2. When NetAnim is opened, click on the File open button at the top-left corner, select the XML ﬁle generated

during Step 1.

3. Hit the green play button to begin animation.

Here is a video illustrating this http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tz_hUuNwFDs

2.1.5 Wiki

For detailed instructions on installing “NetAnim”, F.A.Qs and loading the XML trace ﬁle (mentioned earlier) using

NetAnim please refer: http://www.nsnam.org/wiki/NetAnim

12 Chapter 2. Animation

ns-3 Model Library, Release ns-3.24

3.1.3 Provided models

In this section we describe the antenna radiation pattern models that are included within the antenna module.

IsotropicAntennaModel

This antenna radiation pattern model provides a unitary gain (0 dB) for all direction.

CosineAntennaModel

This is the cosine model described in [Chunjian]: the antenna gain is determined as:

g(φ, θ) = cos



φ − φ



where φ

is the azimuthal orientation of the antenna (i.e., its direction of maximum gain) and the exponential

n = −

20 log



cos

3dB



determines the desired 3dB beamwidth φ

3dB

. Note that this radiation pattern is independent of the inclination angle θ.

A major difference between the model of [Chunjian] and the one implemented in the class CosineAntennaModel is that

only the element factor (i.e., what described by the above formulas) is considered. In fact, [Chunjian] also considered

an additional antenna array factor. The reason why the latter is excluded is that we expect that the average user would

desire to specify a given beamwidth exactly, without adding an array factor at a latter stage which would in practice

alter the effective beamwidth of the resulting radiation pattern.

ParabolicAntennaModel

This model is based on the parabolic approximation of the main lobe radiation pattern. It is often used in the context

of cellular system to model the radiation pattern of a cell sector, see for instance [R4-092042a] and [Calcev]. The

antenna gain in dB is determined as:

(φ, θ) = −min



φ − φ

3dB



, A

max

where φ

is the azimuthal orientation of the antenna (i.e., its direction of maximum gain), φ

3dB

is its 3 dB beamwidth,

and A

max

is the maximum attenuation in dB of the antenna. Note that this radiation pattern is independent of the

inclination angle θ.

3.2 User Documentation

The antenna moduled can be used with all the wireless technologies and physical layer models that support it. Cur-

rently, this includes the physical layer models based on the SpectrumPhy. Please refer to the documentation of each of

these models for details.

3.3 Testing Documentation

In this section we describe the test suites included with the antenna module that verify its correct functionality.

14 Chapter 3. Antenna Module

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