Linux性能调优实战：专业工具与方法指南

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"《优化Linux性能：实践指南》是一本由Phillip G. Ezolt撰写的权威著作，于2005年3月由Pearson PTR出版社出版，ISBN为0-13-148682-9，共384页。该书全面介绍了如何在复杂生产环境中优化Linux应用程序性能，对于当今对应用性能至关重要的需求而言，这本书显得尤为关键。书中涵盖了Linux性能优化的各个方面，作者以其丰富的经验和专业知识，带领读者深入理解并掌握各种性能工具的用途、选项，以及如何实际操作这些工具。通过阅读，读者不仅能够学会如何识别和消除性能瓶颈，提升Linux应用程序的运行效率，而且还会学习到一套行之有效的优化方法论，确保在面临代码访问问题时，能够精准定位影响性能的源代码片段。 Ezolt大师将当今最重要的Linux优化工具一一剖析，解释它们在整体优化策略中的位置，使系统管理员和应用开发者能够更快地找到解决方案。书中不仅教授如何快速识别性能瓶颈，即使对底层系统不熟悉的用户也能做到，而且还指导读者如何正确解读测量到的事件，以实现系统CPU的优化。通过本书，读者可以掌握一系列实用技巧，包括但不限于：诊断系统瓶颈、理解性能指标的意义、实施针对性的代码优化，从而显著提升Linux系统的整体性能。这本书不仅是Linux性能调优的专业指南，也是每个希望提升Linux应用效率的专业人士不可或缺的参考资料。"

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Can I Tune for Performance?

The best thing about performance optimization is that you do not need to know the details of the entire

application or system to effectively fix performance problems. Performance optimization requires a

complementary set of skills to those of a typical application developer.

You need to be observant and persistent. It takes more of a detective than a programmer to hunt down

and eliminate performance problems. It is exhilarating to find and fix these. When you start, performance

is terrible. However, you track down the cause, rip it out by the roots, and, if you're lucky, the system

then runs twice as fast. Voilà!

To get to the voilà, you must understand the powerful but sometimes confusing world of Linux

performance tools. This takes some work, but in the end, it is worth it. The tools can show you aspects

of your application and system that you never expected to see.

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How Is This Book Organized?

This book teaches an audience of various levels of experience to find and fix performance problems. To

accomplish this, the chapters are presented so that you can pick and choose to read different parts of

the book without reading the entire book straight through.

Chapter 1 is devoted to the basic methods of performance problem hunting. It contains a series of

non-Linux–specific tips and suggestions that prove useful for tracking down performance issues. These

guidelines are general suggestions for performance problem hunting and can be applied to tracking down

performance issues on any type of computer system.

Chapters 2 through 8 (the bulk of this book) cover the various tools available to measure different

performance statistics on a Linux system. These chapters explain what various tools measure, how they

are invoked, and provide an example of each tool being used. Each chapter demonstrates tools that

measure aspects of different Linux subsystems, such as system CPU, user CPU, memory, network I/O,

and disk I/O. If a tool measures aspects of more than one subsystem, it is presented in more than one

chapter. Each chapter describes multiple tools, but only the appropriate tool options for a particular

subsystem are presented in a given chapter. The descriptions follow this format:

1. Introduction— This section explains what the tool is meant to measure and how it operates.

2. Performance tool options— This section does not just rehash the tool's documentation.

Instead, it explains which options are relevant to the current topic and what those options mean.

For example, some performance tool man pages identify the events that a tool measures but do

not explain what the events mean. This section explains the meaning of the events and how they

are relevant to the current subsystem.

3. Example— This section provides one or more examples of the tool being used to measure

performance statistics. This section shows the tool being invoked and any output that it generates.

Chapter 9 is Linux specific and contains a series of steps to use when confronted with a slow-performing

Linux system. It explains how to use the previously described Linux performance tools in concert to

pinpoint the cause of the performance problem. This chapter is the most useful if you want to start with a

misbehaving Linux system and just diagnose the problem without necessarily understanding the details of

the tools. Chapters 10 through 12 present case studies in which the methodologies and tools previously

described are used together to solve real-world problems. The case studies highlight Linux performance

tools used to find and fix different types of performance problems: a CPU-bound application, a

latency-sensitive application, and an I/O bound application.

Chapter 13 overviews the performance tools and the opportunities Linux has for improvement.

This book also has two appendixes. Appendix A contains a table of the performance tools discussed in

this book and includes a URL to the latest version of each tool. Appendix A also identifies which Linux

distributions support each particular tool. Finally, Appendix B contains information that explains how to

install

oprofile

, which is a very powerful but hard-to-install tool on a few major Linux distributions.

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