嵌入式C语言的测试驱动开发实践

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"Test Drive Development for embedded c 是一本专注于在嵌入式系统开发中应用测试驱动开发(TDD)的专业书籍。作者James Grenning通过简洁明了的方式，向读者展示如何在C语言环境下实施TDD，即使是在设备驱动和其他低级代码的开发中也能成功运用。这本书受到了嵌入式领域的专家Michael Barr的高度评价，他认为这本书对于那些怀疑TDD是否适用于C语言开发的人来说，是一本极好的指导资源。书中可能涵盖了如何克服TDD在非面向对象语言如C中的挑战，并提供实用的技术和策略，旨在推动嵌入式领域的敏捷开发实践。" 书中的核心知识点可能包括： 1. **测试驱动开发(TDD)概念**：解释TDD的基本原则，即先写测试用例，然后编写最小化的实现代码以使测试通过，以此来驱动软件设计。 2. **TDD在嵌入式环境的应用**：讨论嵌入式系统的特点，如资源限制、实时性需求等，以及如何在这些条件下有效地进行TDD。 3. **C语言与TDD的结合**：针对C语言的特性，介绍如何编写可测试的代码，解决C语言非面向对象特性带来的挑战。 4. **嵌入式TDD周期**：详细阐述一个适用于嵌入式系统的TDD工作流程，包括单元测试、集成测试等各个阶段。 5. **挑战与解决方案**：分析在C语言环境中进行TDD时可能遇到的问题，如内存管理、硬件接口测试等，并提供解决策略。 6. **敏捷开发在嵌入式领域的应用**：探讨如何将敏捷思想和实践，如持续集成、重构等，融入到嵌入式软件开发中。 7. **案例研究**：可能包含真实项目的案例分析，展示TDD在实际项目中的应用和效果。 8. **工具与技术**：推荐适合嵌入式系统的测试框架和开发工具，帮助读者建立有效的测试环境。 9. **最佳实践**：提供TDD在嵌入式开发中的最佳实践，以提升代码质量、减少缺陷和提高开发效率。这本书对于想要在嵌入式领域实践TDD的开发者来说，是一份宝贵的参考资料，能够帮助他们克服语言限制，提升软件质量和开发效率。

FOREWORDBYROBERTC.MARTIN 16

resources ﬂow like wine at an Italian wedding. But James had a spe-

cial love for the embedded world, so for the past thirty+ years James

Grenning has been writing code in embedded environments such as

digital telephone switches, high-speed photocopiers, radio controllers,

cell phones, and the like.

James and I joined forces again in the late 90s. He and I consulted

at Xerox on the embedded C++ software running on 68000s in Xerox’s

high-end digital printers. James was also consulting at a well-known

cell phone company on its communications subsystems.

As accomplished as James is as an embedded software engineer, he is

also an accomplished software craftsman. He cares deeply about the

code he writes and the products he produces. He also cares about his

industry. His goal has always been to improve the state-of-the-art in

embedded development.

When the ﬁrst XP Immersion took place in 1999, James was there.

When the Agile Manifesto was conceived in Snowbird in 2001, James

was there and was one of the original signatories. James was deter-

mined to ﬁnd a way to introduce the embedded industry to the values

and techniques of Agile software development.

So, for the past decade, James has participated in the Agile community

and worked to ﬁnd a way to integrate the best ideas of Agile software

development with embedded software development. He has introduced

TDD to many embedded shops and helped their engineers write better,

more reliable, embedded code.

This book is the result of all that hard work. This book is the inte-

gration of Agile and embedded. Actually, this book has the wrong title.

It should be Crafting Embedded Systems in C because although this

book talks a lot about TDD, it talks about an awful lot more than that!

This book provides a very complete and highly professional approach to

engineering high-quality embedded software in C, quickly and reliably.

I think this book is destined to become the bible of embedded software

engineering.

Y e s , you can do TDD in the embedded world. Not only that, you should!

In these pages, James will show you how to use TDD economically,

efﬁciently, and proﬁtably. He’ll show you the tricks and techniques, the

disciplines, and the processes. And, he’ll show you the code!

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Acknowledgments

To my reviewers—Michael Barr, Sriram Chadalavad, Rachel Davies, Ian

Dees, Jack Ganssle, Anders Hedberg, Kevlin Henny, Olve Maudal, Timo

Punkka, Mark V a n d e r V o o r d , and Bas V o d d e — t h a n k you for the time,

effort, constructive comments, and challenges. Let me add a special

thank you to TimoPunkka, my ﬁne Finnish friend, for going above

and beyond. I’ll also add speciﬁc thanks to Olve Maudal who nitpicked

the code; it’s much improved because of his suggestions. Thanks, Bas

V o d d e , for the extremely careful reads, excellent suggestions, and blunt

feedback, as well as your efforts on CppUTest. And speaking of test

harnesses, thanks to the developers of the Unity test harness: Mark

V a n d e r V o o r d , Greg W i l l i a m s , and Mike Karlesky.

Thank you, Bob Martin and Jack Ganssle, for writing the forewords

to my book. Bob, also thank you for the years as my colleague and

mentor who helped me establish a solid foundation to be able to write

this book. Jack, thanks for listening to a guy who thinks he has part of

the answer for the quality problems that plague the embedded software

industry. I appreciate how you have helped me expose these ideas to

the community.

I’d like to thank my clients for giving me the opportunity to teach TDD

for embedded C and C++. They helped me learn the important ques-

tions and develop (I hope) articulate and convincing answers to the

challenges of applying TDD to embedded C. Thanks for giving me the

opportunity to teach and learn in your organizations.

Thanks to Gerard Meszaros for checking my work on test doubles.

Thanks to Mike “GeePaw” Hill for a careful read and many useful com-

ments. Thank you, Randy Coulman, Nancy V a n Schooenderwoert, and

Ron Morsicato for contributing stories. Thanks to Jean Labrosse and

Matt Gordon of Micrium for donating hardware to my ef fort and for the

µC/OS-III example code. Dan Saks, thanks for your expert help with

some C language questions. Thank you, Hidetake Uwano, Masahide

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 19

Nakamura, Akito Monden, and Ken-ichi Matsumoto for the use of the

eye-movement graphs.

Thanks to software development heros and pioneers Brian Kernighan,

Donald Knuth, Martin Fowler, Joe Newcomer, Michael Feathers, Kent

Beck, and others already mentioned for letting me quote you in my

book.

Many problems, small and large, were found by the readers of my beta

book. Thank you, Kenny W i c k s t r o m , Keith Ray, Nathan Itskovitch, Ken-

rick Chien, Charles Manning, David W r i g h t , Mark Taube, Dave Kel-

logg, Alex Rodriguez, Dave Rooney, Nick Barendt, Jake Goulding, Mark

Dodgson, Michael Chock, Thomas Eriksson, John Ratke, Florin Iucha,

Donghee Park, Hans Peter Jepsen, Michael W e l l e r , Kenelm McKinney,

Edward Barnard, Lluis Gesa Boté, Paul Swingle, Andrew Johnson, and

any of you I missed. Y o u were very generous with your time and ef forts,

which allowed me to weed out problems as the book evolved.

Thanks to the Pragmatic Programmers, Andy and Dave, for giving me

the opportunity to work with you. I probably would not have even

thought to bring my book to the Pragmatic Bookshelf if not for a chance

meeting with Ken Pugh and a walk through V a l l e y Forge. Thanks for the

suggestion, Ken.

W r i t i n g is a challenge. So, I must give Jackie Carter, my editor, a big

thank you. She helped me go from not being able to string two coherent

pages together to writing this book. Y o u really helped, as did a few

others, in the ef fort to learn to write. Thanks, Mike Cohn, for suggesting

Stephen W i l b e r s ’ book, Keys to Great W r i t i n g [W i l 0 0 ]. It helped me get

the most out of every word. Thanks to my sister-in-law Debbie Cepla,

a ﬁfth-grade schoolteacher; she showed me where semicolons go and

where they don’t. Thanks to Jeff Langr for suggesting I read all my

words out loud so I could hear what I wrote. This was good advice, but

too often I still read what I thought I wrote. That leads me to thank

V i k k i , the text-to-speech voice on my Mac, for brutally reading every

word to [deleted: to] me.

Finally, I want to thank my loving wife, Marilee, and family for encour-

aging me and generously giving me the time to write this book. She

even selﬂessly asked what my next book would be.

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