Because of the harmful effect of microwave
radiation
on
the crew. the micrwave generator
will
be shielded fran the crew's quarters; its
logical placfment would be in the lower part of
the sphere.
The'design suggested makes this kind of
vehicle
a
good choice for
a
shuttle vehicle
between planet surface and
a
space ship in orbit
about the planet, since
it
can not only maneuver
within the atmosphere of the planet,
but
also
leave its surface to go into
a
conventionally
chosen orbit.
taking off to explore interplanetary space, the
suggested design
is
useful, since no large take-
off acceleration is required. Once in space,
small rocket or gas
jets
offer
a
convenient means
of maneuvering. Since large mounts
of
propell-
ant do not need to
be
used in takeoff and
landing,
it
will
be possible to accelerate the
vehicle
for
part of an interplanetary trip and to
decelerate for the latter part of the trip, thus
reducing travel time by
a
considerable margin.
For the latter prrpose, as well as
11. Unified Field Theorr
3.0
Introdtiction
provide
a
formal basis for the gravitation model
in Part
I.
alone;
it
is a unified field theay which
presents the electranagneti c field (Maxwell
Is),
the gravitation field and field properties which
can
be
identified with forces on a subatanic
level as different aspects of the sane field.
Both matter and radiation are exhibited as
The second part of this paper proposes to
It
is
not
a
theory of gravitation
different aspects of the field, i.e. mass
particles are
a
special state of the field.
The question of the value of such
a
formula-
tion may wise, although the unity of matter and
radiation, wing to observed transformations of
one into the other, is not in question. In this
connection, one
is
reminded of the advantages
which follwed fran the unification of the
electric and magnetic fields, into the electro-
magnetic field, and the unification performed by
the atomic thecry,
as
a justification for the
effort. There remains, however, the question of
how this unification ought to be carried out and
what the properties of such
a
unification ought
to have.
A.
Einstein found
it
necessary to defend his
approach to the problem of unifying the fields
,
although he never doubted the desirability of
such a unification.
As
Einstein states, "The
characteristfcs which especially distinguish the
general theory of relativity and even more...the
unitary field theory.
from
other physical
theories are the degree of formal speculation.
the slender enpirical basis...and...the funda-
mental reliance on the uniformity of the secrets
of natural
law...It
is this feature which appears
as a weakness to physicists who incline toward
realism or positivism, but is especially attrac-
ti
ve..
.
.
to the speculative mathematical mind."
That Einstein recognizes the weakness of
a
theay designed primarily
for
mathfmatical
simplicity, as indicated above,
is
further
enphasized by his remark that "Pure logical
thinking can give
us
no knowledge whatsoever of
the world of experience; all knowledge about
real ty begins with experlence and terminates in
it.''i
The relevance of the special theory of
relativity to experiment, for exanple. arose out
of Einstein's recognition of the empirical fact
of the constancy of the speed
of
light and his
assertion of the nature of distant clock synchro-
nization, a feature of the
use
of light signals
(i.e.
a
field) to establish a coordinate system.
His
later work was more mathematically oriented.
the geanetrization of space-time in the general
theory of relativity, which led to experiments
claimed to cast doubt on the foundations of the
the~ry.~
"worthwhile" formulation of
a
physical theory
should be.
science provides several guidelines for
a
physical theory's usefulness.
interest to the scientific comunity, a theory
must not only make numerical formulations of
correlations between events, but
do
so
in
a
readily visualized manner.
appropriate context,
it
must reduce
to
the
equivalent of foregoing cmepts and theories.
It
must, also. yield simpler and more direct
interpretations of reallty than its canpetitors
theory must offer attractive opportunities for
formul
ati
on
and
i
nterpretati on of experiments.
developnent of the following theory and the
course of the discussion below.
tion of the concepts and fields proposed
is
correct, then an alternative to the unitary field
of
A.
Einstein has been accomplished. Its reso-
lution of sane of the conceptual difficulties of
the quantm mechanics and removal
of
infinities
of
the Coulanb-like
laws
is
an adaed useful
feature, while the unification of field and
particle concepts res lves a difficulty recog-
nized by
A.
Einstein.8
If
these and other
conceptual conveniences were the only features of
the theory,
it
would haw only the value of the
atomic theory in its initial stages, i.e. offer-
ing
a
unification of already-known observations.
However,
to the extent that the considerations of
Part
I
we relevant to the formal theory,
a
basic
requirfment for a useful theay
will
have been
met.
4.0
General Background
W
It
was
the questioning, by an empiricist, of
The above remarks lead one to enquire what
a
In this connection, the history of
Experience has shown that, to be of general
In addition, in the
(e.g. preceding theories). In a final test,
a
LI
The above considerations have guided the
If
the unifica-
The following theory
Is
based on the
addition of a new assunption about the propaga-
tion of the real electranagnetic field (in
distinction to Maxwell's field), to the
assunptions of the special theory of relativity,
as
well
as
a
closer
adherence
to
practical
aspects
of
field measurements.
d
6
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