揭示四夸克体系的双夸克-反双夸克绑定特性

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本文主要探讨了四夸克系统作为一种特殊的双夸克-反双夸克组合，即diquark-antidiquark束缚状态。在科学研究领域，特别是在量子色动力学(QCD)框架下，多夸克系统是理解强相互作用中的复杂现象的关键。作者M. Monemzadeh、N. Tazimi和P. Sadeghi来自伊朗卡尚大学物理学系，他们在《物理快报B》(Physics Letters B, Vol. 741, 2015年)上发表了一篇关于四夸克的研究论文。论文的核心内容聚焦于采用数值方法解决Lippman-Schwinger方程，这是一种在量子力学中用于求解散射矩阵和粒子间相互作用的工具。在这个案例中，他们针对 Charm (c)夸克-反 Charm (c)夸克的系统进行了计算，目的是求得其结合能和质量。通过两体(伪点)问题的简化处理，研究人员能够更精确地估算四夸克系统中这些复合粒子的性质，特别是那些具有隐藏charm的重四夸克。在计算过程中，他们寻找系统的特征值，这些值对于确定粒子的稳定性和束缚能量至关重要。作者强调，他们的结果与理论预测以及现有的实验数据相吻合，这表明他们的模型在描述四夸克系统的行为时具有很高的准确度。此外，由于文章是开放获取的，它遵循Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 许可协议，这意味着研究成果可以免费获取并被广泛传播和引用。这篇论文不仅提供了关于四夸克系统内部结构的新见解，还为未来在理论和实验层面上探索更复杂的多夸克状态奠定了基础。它深化了我们对强相互作用中四夸克体系动态的理解，并可能对寻找和确认新的亚原子粒子状态有所帮助。这项工作对于粒子物理学家和高能物理学家来说具有重要的科学价值。

Physics Letters B 741 (2015) 124–127

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

Physics Letters B

www.elsevier.com/locate/physletb

Tetraquarks as diquark–antidiquark bound systems

M. Monemzadeh, N. Tazimi

∗

, P. Sadeghi

Department of Physics, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

Article history:

Received

21 May 2014

Received

in revised form 18 November 2014

Accepted

1 December 2014

Available

online 12 December 2014

Editor:

J.-P. Blaizot

Keywords:

Diquark

Tetraquark

systems

Binding

energy

Bound

state

In this paper, we study four-body systems consisting of diquark–antidiquark, and we analyze diquark–

antidiquark

in the framework of a two-body (pseudo-point) problem. We solve Lippman–Schwinger

equation numerically for charm diquark–antidiquark systems and ﬁnd the eigenvalues to calculate the

binding energies and masses of heavy tetraquarks with hidden charms. Our results are in good agreement

with theoretical and experimental data.

(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Funded by SCOAP

1. Introduction

The idea of existence of tetraquark hadrons (two quarks and

two antiquarks) was initially raised about twenty years ago by

Jaffe. He utilized one of the initial versions of the bag model

to study tetraquark spectroscopy of q

in which q was a

quark lighter than charm quark. The MIT bag study revealed a

dense spectrum of tetraquark states in the light sector [1]. Later,

tetraquark systems were examined in potential models and ﬂux

tube models [2]. The notion of diquark (two-quark system) is of

use in describing the hadron structure and particle interactions at

high energies.

According

to the quark model, hadrons are made up of quarks.

Mesons consist of a quark and an antiquark in a bound state, such

as light scalar mesons and some charmed mesons [3] and baryons

are composed of three quarks in a bound state. Their structure was

also shown to contain diquarks [4–6].

Based

on the diquark model, two quarks join and build a color-

anti-triplet

in a bound state. As a simpliﬁed image, a diquark is

viewed as a point particle having the quantum number of two

quarks. More generally, a diquark is a system of two quarks con-

sidered

as a pair. For example, a two-quark correlation in a hadron

with at least two quarks will be a diquark system. In its ground

state, a diquark has positive parity and may be an axial or a scalar

vector.

Corresponding author.

E-mail

addresses: monem@kashanu.ac.ir (M. Monemzadeh),

nt_physics@yahoo.com (N. Tazimi), ph.parva@yahoo.com (P. Sadeghi).

Gell-Mann [7] originally proposed the existence of diquarks.

Based on the fundamental theory, the concept of diquark was de-

veloped,

and it was even used to account for some experimental

phenomena [8]. Ref. [9] explored the exotic state X(3872) via QCD

Sum Rules. This study treated the hadronic state as a hidden-

charm-tetraquark

state with the quantum number I

( J

) =

). Chen and Zhu [10] used the same interpolating current

to investigate the 1

+−

tetraquark state and found its mass to be

(4.02 ±0.09) GeV.

Maiani

et al. [3] studied the masses of hidden-charm diquark–

antidiquark

systems taking into account the constituent diquarks’

masses and spin–spin interactions, but Ebert et al. [4] employed

the relativistic quark model based on the quasi-potential approach

in order to ﬁnd the mass spectra of hidden-charm tetraquark sys-

tems.

Unlike Maiani et al., they ignored the spin–spin interactions

inside diquark and inside anti-diquark. We, however, considered

tetraquarks as two-body systems, and spin–spin interactions were

ignored. We used the diquark–antidiquark picture to reduce a com-

plicated

four-body problem to two simpler two-body problems.

The paper is organized as follows:

the ﬁrst part, the bound states of four-quark systems are in-

vestigated

in the framework of a pseudo-point two-body system.

We explain Gauss–Legendre method in the second part. In the

third part, we calculate the binding energy of heavy tetraquarks

with hidden charms, and the last part is devoted to conclusions.

2. Tetraquarks represented through two-body problems

Among the tetraquark states, those consisting of diquark–

antidiquark

are of interest to this study. To describe tetraquarks,

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2014.12.001

0370-2693/

SCOAP

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