Unity实战2D游戏开发

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"Learn Unity for 2D Game Development" 这本书是关于使用Unity引擎进行2D游戏开发的教程。作者Alan Thorn通过一系列章节详细介绍了从基础知识到高级技术的全貌，旨在帮助读者掌握2D游戏开发的核心技能。以下是各章主要内容的详细说明： 1. **Unity基础与2D游戏** - 本章介绍了Unity引擎的基础操作，包括场景创建、对象导入与摆放、游戏对象的组件系统，以及2D特定的功能如Sprite Renderer和Collider。 2. **材质与纹理** - 学习如何应用和管理纹理，创建和修改材质，以及理解颜色、透明度和光照对2D元素的影响。 3. **快速2D工作流程** - 这一部分讨论了提高效率的技巧，如使用Sprite Sheets、自动精灵切割和2D物理系统。 4. **自定义编辑器与Editor Classes** - 了解如何利用Unity的脚本API扩展编辑器功能，创建自定义工具以优化开发过程。 5. **程序几何与纹理四边形** - 探索如何动态生成几何形状，结合纹理实现复杂的2D图形效果。 6. **生成Atlas纹理** - 学习使用Unity的Atlasing技术来减少纹理内存占用，优化渲染性能。 7. **UVs与动画** - 深入理解UV坐标和它们在精灵动画中的作用，包括设置和创建2D动画序列。 8. **相机与像素完美** - 讨论如何调整相机设置以达到像素级别的精确控制，确保2D游戏视觉效果的一致性。 9. **2D游戏的输入处理** - 学习如何处理玩家输入，包括键盘、鼠标和触摸屏交互，以及碰撞检测。 10. **2D游戏的起点** - 提供了一个简单的2D游戏项目实例，指导读者从零开始构建一个完整的游戏框架。 11. **完成2D卡牌游戏** - 基于前面章节的知识，构建一个完整的2D卡牌游戏，涵盖游戏逻辑、玩家交互和胜利条件。 12. **优化** - 介绍性能优化策略，包括资源管理和代码优化，确保游戏在各种设备上流畅运行。 13. **收尾与总结** - 总结所学内容，提供进一步学习和扩展项目的建议。通过本书的学习，读者将能够运用Unity进行高效、高质量的2D游戏开发，并掌握从概念设计到发布游戏的全过程。无论是初学者还是有一定经验的开发者，都能从这本书中获益。

5CHAPTER 1: Unity Basics for 2D Games

Note Any meshes not exported directly to FBX format (such as MA or BLEND) require the appropriate 3D

modelling software to be installed on the system during import into Unity. Unity internally uses this software

to export native formats to FBX.

Table 1-1. File Formats Accepted by Unity

Meshes Textures Audio Movies

.FBX .PSD .MP3 .MOV

.MA .TIFF .OGG .AVI

.MB .PNG .MOD .OGG

.MAX .BMP .IT .ASF

.BLEND .JPG .XM .MPG

.3DS .TGA .S3M

.DXF .DDS/PVR .WAV

.C4D

Both 2D and 3D games typically make use of lots of assets—perhaps hundreds. 2D games rely

especially on textures and materials. Sometimes the total size of these can reach into the gigabytes.

The difference between textures and materials is considered in Chapter 2. Speaking about assets

generally, it’s good practice to organize your assets in the Project Panel into subfolders. This ensures

you can find your assets quickly and when you need them. Textures are typically arranged in one

folder, meshes in another, audio files in another, and so on. Avoid mixing together assets of different

types. To create folders directly from the Project Panel, right-click in the Asset Panel and choose

Create ➤ Folder from the context menu. Or, Assets ➤ Create ➤ Folder from the application menu.

See Figure 1-4.

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9CHAPTER 1: Unity Basics for 2D Games

You can also simulate first-person perspective controls to move around. To achieve this, hold down the

right-mouse button while using the WASD keys on the keyboard. Movement of the mouse controls

the head movement, while A strafes left, D strafes right, W moves forward and S moves backward.

GameObjects, Transforms, and Components

Everything inside a scene is a GameObject. Characters, cameras, lights, ammo, weapons,

particle systems, power-ups, sounds, music, spaceships, enemies; all of these are examples of

GameObjects—each individual thing is a GameObject (singular). If you’ve imported a mesh asset into

Unity, you can drag and drop it from the Project Panel into the Scene Viewport to instantiate an

instance of it in the scene. That instance is a GameObject. You can drag and drop the object multiple

times to create multiple instances in the scene, and thereby multiple game objects. In short, the

Hierarchy Panel lists all GameObjects in the scene, and in order to create a game you’ll need to work

with lots of GameObjects.

Note Unity allows you to create simple primitive objects in a scene, such as cubes and spheres, should you

require them. To create these objects, choose GameObject ➤ Create Other ➤ Cube, or GameObject ➤

Create Other ➤ Sphere, or GameObject ➤ Create Other ➤ Cylinder. The Plane object can be useful for

2D games because it can easily display flat images aligned to the camera. We’ll see more on this later.

The GameObject is not however the smallest thing or atom in the scene. Each GameObject is

composed of smaller pieces or building blocks, called components. In fact, a GameObject is the sum

of its components. The components for an object can be seen in the Object Inspector whenever the

object is selected in the scene. The cube in Figure 1-7 is constructed from several components: a

Transform Component, a Mesh Filter Component, a Box Collider Component, and a Mesh Renderer

Component. Each of these components can be expanded and collapsed in the Object Inspector for

easier viewing in the interface, just by clicking the twirl-arrow icon.

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