利用Hilbert形互补环形谐振器提升高性能低通滤波器选择性

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"希尔伯特形状互补环形谐振器及其在高性能高选择性低通滤波器中的应用" 本文深入探讨了一种新颖的单负 metamaterial (MTM) 传输线，该传输线由地平面上的希尔伯特形状互补环形谐振器（H-CRR）组成。希尔伯特形状互补环形谐振器是一种独特的电磁结构，其设计灵感来源于数学中的希尔伯特曲线，这种曲线具有分形特性，可以实现非平凡的电磁响应。在深入研究了H-CRR的电磁特性后，作者们基于提出的MTM传输线设计并开发了一个六节Hi-Lo微带低通滤波器（LPF）。该滤波器的截止频率设定为2.5GHz。实验测量结果表明，通过集成H-CRR，滤波器的选择性得到了显著提升，达到了77.3dB/GHz，这主要得益于单负介电常数特性。单负材料的独特性质使得谐振器能够在特定频率范围内展现出负的介电常数和磁导率，从而增强滤波性能。此外，通过在低阻抗段蚀刻冠状正方形结构，滤波器的20dB回波损耗带宽明显增加了26.2%，这意味着滤波器的通带更加宽广，信号传输更稳定。同时，滤波器在通带内的最大旁瓣电平也从22dB降低，这进一步提升了滤波器的抑制性能，降低了杂散信号的影响，使得滤波效果更加纯净。希尔伯特形状互补环形谐振器的应用展示了在微波和射频领域中，利用分形几何设计的新型电磁元件可以显著提升电路性能。这种创新设计不仅提高了滤波器的选择性和带宽，还降低了旁瓣电平，对于无线通信、雷达系统以及信号处理等领域具有重要的实际应用价值。通过这种技术，工程师可以设计出具有更高性能指标的滤波设备，满足对信号质量和传输效率日益增长的需求。

Hilbert-Shaped Complementary Ring Resonator and

Application to Enhanced-Performance Low Pass

Filter with High Selectivity

He-Xiu Xu, Guang-Ming Wang, Chen-Xin Zhang, Jian-Gang Liang

Department of Electromagnetic Field & Microwave Technique, Missile Institute of Air Force

Engineering University, Sanyuan, People’s Republic of China

Received 16 November 2010; accepted 19 January 2011

ABSTRACT: In this article, a novel single negative metamaterial (MTM) transmission line

(TL) consisting of a Hilbert-shaped complementary ring resonator (H-CRR) on the ground

plane is initially presented and studied in depth. Then based on the proposed MTM TL, a

novel six-section Hi-Lo microstrip low-pass ﬁlter (LPF) with a cut-off frequency 2.5 GHz is

developed, fabricated, and measured. Measurement results indicate that: by integrating H-

CRR, the selectivity has been signiﬁcantly improved which is 77.3 dB/GHz due to the single

negative permittivity; by etching a crown square on low-impedance section, the bandwidth

characterized by 20 dB return loss was obviously enhanced by 26.2% and the maximal

sidelobe level of in-band return loss was reduced from 22 to 24.6 dB. What’ more, the

developed LPF achieved a 36.3% size reduction with respect to its conventional counter-

part. The design concept, which was conﬁrmed by the measurement data, is of practical

value and can be popularized in other microwave devices where high selectivity is

requested.

2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 21:399–406, 2011.

Keywords: complementary ring resonator (CRR); fractals; metamaterials (MTMs); low-pass filter

(LPF)

I. INTRODUCTION

Low pass ﬁlter (LPF) is one of the most important micro-

wave passive components in modern telecommunication

systems. Hence, a high-performance LPF including

enhanced selectivity, compact size, together with low inser-

tion loss and sidelobe is highly desirable and a challenging

constraint which must be faced by our designers and engi-

neers. To meet these requirements, extensive experimental

works and several techniques have been reported in previ-

ous literatures, e.g., LPFs implemented by complementary

split ring resonators (CSRRs) [1, 2], defected ground struc-

ture (DGS) [3], stepped-impedance hairpin resonators [4],

electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure [5], using line

section combined with an interdigital capacitor [6], and

even based on fractal geometry [7], etc.

Recently, left handed (LH) metamaterials (MTMs)

especially the CSRRs-based MTM transmission line (TL)

have generated much of interest. They allow signals to

transmit freely due to the double negative permittivity (-e)

and permeability (-l), whereas reversely inhibits signal

propagation to the single negative-e or -l. Up to now,

most researches focus on the double negative issue but

few literatures are reported concerning the single negative

MTMs. CSRRs, proposed in [8], is a frequently loaded

sub-wavelength particle in contribution to the negative

permittivity, thus can be adopted in LPF to achieve a

sharp cutoff frequency response [1, 2]. As exposed to

fractal geometry, it has been currently introduced in

CSRRs and results in signiﬁcant lower resonance [9],

namely miniaturization of MTM TL cell, multiband

behavior [10], broadband effect [11], and even exploited

in CRLH-based UWB ﬁlter for elevation of passband per-

formance [12].

In view of them, the goal of this article is to develop a

high-performance LPF using compact single negative

MTM TL to pursue high selectivity and simultaneously

extend the concept of Ref. 12 to this work for passband

performance enhancement. In this regard, novel miniatur-

ized single negative MTM TL adopting Hilbert-shaped

complementary ring resonator (H-CRR) with controllable

Correspondence to: H.-X. Xu; e-mail: hxxu20008@yahoo.cn

2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

DOI 10.1002/mmce.20529

Published online 10 May 2011 in Wiley Online Library

(wileyonlinelibrary.com).

399

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