SAS-4标准草案：Serial Attached SCSI 4技术详解

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Serial Attached SCSI - 4 (SAS-4) 是一项由美国技术委员会 T10/BSR INCITS 534 负责制定的内部工作草案，旨在更新和扩展Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) 技术标准。该标准修订版为第 09 版，发布于 2017 年 5 月 9 日。SAS 是一种高速接口技术，最初用于连接硬盘驱动器和存储阵列控制器，但随着 SAS-4 的发展，它旨在提供更高效的数据传输和系统性能。 SAS-4 标准的重点在于提升数据传输速度、带宽以及扩展能力，以适应现代数据中心对高密度存储和低延迟的需求。它可能包括改进的信号处理、错误检测和纠正机制、多链路支持、更高的端口密度，以及与新一代硬件设备的兼容性增强。作为一项工作草案，这意味着该标准尚在开发过程中，内容可能会根据 T10 技术委员会的审议和反馈进行调整。 T10 是一个公认的标准化组织，其成员包括制造商、系统集成商和其他利益相关者，共同致力于制定和维护信息技术标准。该标准的制定过程允许 INCITS 的成员和相关技术委员会、任务组在标准化活动中复制这份文档，只要保留此通知，并且非商业或营利用途的复制是被许可的。然而，任何形式的商业或盈利性复制都是严格禁止的。 T10 技术编辑 Alvin Cox 来自 Seagate Technology，他负责确保标准的质量和一致性。联系信息如需进一步咨询或提供反馈，可以通过电话和电子邮件与他取得联系。此外，SAS-4 标准与 ISO/IEC 14776-155 和 BSR INCITS 534-201 可能有直接或间接的关系，表明它是在国际和国内标准框架下进行编写的，旨在保持与现有技术规范的一致性和互操作性。 SAS-4 是一个重要的技术创新，它将直接影响现代数据中心存储系统的性能和效率，是 IT 行业中存储技术发展的一个关键里程碑。随着标准的不断成熟和完善，企业应关注并准备适应这一技术更新，以优化其存储基础设施。

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T10/BSR INCITS 534 Revision 09 9 May 2017

xvi Working Draft Serial Attached SCSI - 4 (SAS-4)

Figure 49 — SAS MiniLink 4i receptacle connector ........................................................................................ 89

Figure 50 — SAS MiniLink 8i receptacle connector ........................................................................................ 90

Figure 51 — Mini SAS 4x cable plug connector .............................................................................................. 97

Figure 52 — Mini SAS 4x cable plug connector for untrained 1.5 Gbit/s and 3 Gbit/s that attaches to an

enclosure out port or an enclosure in port ................................................................................................. 99

Figure 53 — Mini SAS 4x cable plug connector for untrained 1.5 Gbit/s and 3 Gbit/s that attaches to an

enclosure out port ...................................................................................................................................... 99

Figure 54 — Mini SAS 4x cable plug connector for untrained 1.5 Gbit/s and 3 Gbit/s that attaches to an

enclosure in port ...................................................................................................................................... 100

Figure 55 — Mini SAS 4x cable plug connector for trained 1.5 Gbit/s, 3 Gbit/s, and 6 Gbit/s that attaches

to an enclosure out port or an enclosure in port ...................................................................................... 100

Figure 56 — Mini SAS 4x cable plug connector for trained 1.5 Gbit/s, 3 Gbit/s, and 6 Gbit/s that attaches

to an enclosure out port ........................................................................................................................... 101

Figure 57 — Mini SAS 4x cable plug connector for trained 1.5 Gbit/s, 3 Gbit/s, and 6 Gbit/s that attaches

to an enclosure in port ............................................................................................................................. 101

Figure 58 — Mini SAS 4x active cable plug connector for trained 1.5 Gbit/s, 3 Gbit/s, and 6 Gbit/s that

attaches to an enclosure out port or an enclosure in port ........................................................................ 102

Figure 59 — Mini SAS 4x active cable plug connector for trained 1.5 Gbit/s, 3 Gbit/s, and 6 Gbit/s that

attaches to an enclosure out port ............................................................................................................ 102

Figure 60 — Mini SAS 4x active cable plug connector for trained 1.5 Gbit/s, 3 Gbit/s, and 6 Gbit/s that

attaches to an enclosure in port .............................................................................................................. 103

Figure 61 — Mini SAS 4x receptacle connector ........................................................................................... 104

Figure 62 — Mini SAS 4x receptacle connector - end device or enclosure universal port for untrained

1.5 Gbit/s and 3 Gbit/s ............................................................................................................................. 105

Figure 63 — Mini SAS 4x receptacle connector - enclosure out port for untrained 1.5 Gbit/s and 3 Gbit/s .. 106

Figure 64 — Mini SAS 4x receptacle connector - enclosure in port for untrained 1.5 Gbit/s and 3 Gbit/s ..... 106

Figure 65 — Mini SAS 4x receptacle

connector - end device or enclosure universal port for trained

1.5 Gbit/s, 3 Gbit/s, and 6 Gbit/s and for untrained 1.5 Gbit/s and 3 Gbit/s ............................................. 107

Figure 66 — Mini SAS 4x receptacle connector - enclosure out port for trained 1.5 Gbit/s, 3 Gbit/s, and

6 Gbit/s and for untrained 1.5 Gbit/s and 3 Gbit/s .................................................................................... 107

Figure 67 — Mini SAS 4x receptacle connector - enclosure in port for trained 1.5 Gbit/s, 3 Gbit/s, and

6 Gbit/s and for untrained 1.5 Gbit/s and 3 Gbit/s .................................................................................... 108

Figure 68 — Mini SAS 4x active receptacle connector - end device or enclosure universal port .................. 108

Figure 69 — Mini SAS 4x active receptacle connector - enclosure out port ................................................. 109

Figure 70 — Mini SAS 4x active receptacle connector - enclosure in port .................................................... 109

Figure 71 — Mini SAS HD 4x cable plug connector ..................................................................................... 113

Figure 72 — Mini SAS HD 8x cable plug connector ..................................................................................... 114

Figure 73 — Mini SAS HD 4x receptacle connector ..................................................................................... 115

Figure 74 — Mini SAS HD 8x receptacle connector ..................................................................................... 116

Figure 75 — Mini SAS HD 16x receptacle connector ................................................................................... 117

Figure 76 — QSFP cable plug connector ..................................................................................................... 120

Figure 77 — QSFP receptacle connector ..................................................................................................... 121

Figure 78 — Single-port SAS Drive cable assembly .................................................................................... 124

Figure 79 — Dual-port SAS Drive cable assembly ....................................................................................... 125

Figure 80 — MultiLink SAS Drive cable assembly ........................................................................................ 126

Figure 81 — SAS internal symmetric cable assembly - Mini SAS 4i ............................................................. 128

Figure 82

— SAS internal symmetric cable assembly - Mini SAS HD 4i ....................................................... 129

Figure 83 — SAS internal symmetric cable assembly - Mini SAS HD 8i ....................................................... 130

Figure 84 — SAS internal symmetric cable assembly - Mini SAS 4i to Mini SAS HD 4i ............................... 131

Figure 85 — SAS internal symmetric cable assembly - SlimSAS 4i ............................................................. 132

Figure 86 — SAS internal symmetric cable assembly - SlimSAS 4i to Mini SAS HD 4i ................................ 133

Figure 87 — SAS internal symmetric cable assembly - SlimSAS 4i to Mini SAS 4i ...................................... 134

Figure 88 — SAS internal symmetric cable assembly - SlimSAS 8i ............................................................. 135

Figure 89 — SAS internal symmetric cable assembly - SlimSAS 8i to Mini SAS HD 8i ................................ 136

Figure 90 — SAS internal symmetric cable assembly - SAS MiniLink 4i ...................................................... 137

Figure 91 — SAS internal symmetric cable assembly - SAS MiniLink 4i to Mini SAS HD 4i ......................... 138

Figure 92 — SAS internal symmetric cable assembly - SAS MiniLink 4i to Mini SAS 4i ............................... 139

9 May 2017 T10/BSR INCITS 534 Revision 09

Working Draft Serial Attached SCSI - 4 (SAS-4) xvii

Figure 93 — SAS internal symmetric cable assembly - SAS MiniLink 8i ...................................................... 140

Figure 94 — SAS internal symmetric cable assembly - SAS MiniLink 8i to Mini SAS HD 8i ......................... 141

Figure 95 — SAS internal controller-based fanout cable assembly - Mini SAS 4i to SAS Drive ................... 143

Figure 96 — SAS internal controller-based fanout cable assembly - Mini SAS HD 4i to SAS Drive ............. 144

Figure 97 — SAS internal controller-based fanout cable assembly - SlimSAS 4i to SAS Drive .................... 145

Figure 98 — SAS internal controller-based fanout cable assembly - SlimSAS 4i to SATA signal ................ 146

Figure 99 — SAS internal controller-based fanout cable assembly - SlimSAS 8i to SlimSAS 4i .................. 147

Figure 100 — SAS internal controller-based fanout cable assembly - SlimSAS 8i to Mini SAS HD 4i .......... 148

Figure 101 — SAS internal controller-based fanout cable assembly - MiniLink 4i to SAS Drive ................... 149

Figure 102 — SAS internal controller-based fanout cable assembly - SAS MiniLink 4i to SATA signal ....... 150

Figure 103 — SAS internal controller-based fanout cable assembly - SAS MiniLink 8i to SAS MiniLink 4i .. 151

Figure 104 — SAS internal backplane-based fanout cable assembly - SAS MiniLink 8i to Mini SAS HD 4i . 152

Figure 105 — SAS internal controller-based fanout cable assembly - SAS MiniLink 8i to Mini SAS 4i ......... 153

Figure 106 — SAS internal backplane-based fanout cable assembly - SATA signal to Mini SAS 4i ............ 154

Figure 107 — SAS internal backplane-based fanout cable assembly - SATA signal to Mini SAS HD 4i ...... 155

Figure 108 — Mini SAS 4x external cable assembly .................................................................................... 157

Figure 109 — Mini SAS 4x active external cable assembly .......................................................................... 158

Figure 110 — SAS external cable assembly with Mini SAS 4x cable plug connectors ................................. 159

Figure 111 — SAS external cable assembly - Mini SAS HD 4x .................................................................... 160

Figure 112 — SAS external cable assembly with Mini SAS HD 4x cable plug connectors ........................... 161

Figure 113 — SAS external cable assembly - Mini SAS HD 8x .................................................................... 162

Figure 114 — SAS external cable assembly with Mini SAS HD 8x cable plug connectors ........................... 163

Figure 115 — SAS external cable assembly - Mini SAS HD 8x to Mini SAS HD 4x ...................................... 164

Figure 116 — SAS external cable assembly with a Mini SAS HD 8x cable plug connector and

two Mini SAS HD 4x cable plug connectors ............................................................................................ 165

Figure 117 — SAS external cable assembly - Mini SAS HD 4x to Mini SAS 4x ............................................ 166

Figure 118 — SAS external cable assembly with a Mini SAS HD 4x cable plug connector and a

Mini SAS 4x cable plug connector ........................................................................................................... 167

igure 119 — Passive TxRx connection |S

DD22

|, |S

CD22

|, |S

CD21

|, and NEXT limits for 1.5 Gbit/s, 3 Gbit/s,

6 Gbit/s, and 12 Gbit/s ............................................................................................................................. 172

Figure 120 — Example passive TxRx connection compliance testing for trained 1.5 Gbit/s, 3 Gbit/s, and

6 Gbit/s .................................................................................................................................................... 173

Figure 121 — Example passive TxRx connection compliance testing for trained 12 Gbit/s ......................... 175

Figure 122 — Passive TxRx connection segment between CT

and CR or IT

and IR end to end

simulation diagram for trained 12 Gbit/s .................................................................................................. 176

Figure 123 — Example TxRx connection for trained 22.5 Gbit/s .................................................................. 178

Figure 124 — Passive TxRx connection differential insertion loss for trained 22.5 Gbit/s ............................ 179

Figure 125 — Integrated crosstalk noise limit ............................................................................................... 182

Figure 126 — Passive TxRx maximum limits for S

CD21

-S

DD21

for trained 22.5 Gbit/s ................................. 182

Figure 127 — Passive TxRx maximum limits for S

DD22

for trained 22.5 Gbit/s ............................................ 183

Figure 128 — Passive TxRx maximum limits for S

CD22

for trained 22.5 Gbit/s ............................................ 184

Figure 129 — Active cable S-parameter limits .............................................................................................. 186

Figure 130 — Active cable eye mask for 12 Gbit/s and 22.5 Gbit/s .............................................................. 187

Figure 131 — Zero-length test load for transmitter device compliance point ................................................ 189

Figure 132 — Zero-length test load for receiver device compliance point .................................................... 189

Figure 133 — Zero-length test load |S

DD21

(f)| requirements for 1.5 Gbit/s, 3 Gbit/s, 6 Gbit/s and 12 Gbit/s 190

Figure 134 — Zero-length test load |S

DD21

(f)| requirements for 22.5 Gbit/s ................................................. 191

Figure 135 — TCTF test load ....................................................................................................................... 191

Figure 136 — TCTF test load |S

DD21

(f)| and ISI loss requirements at IT for untrained 3 Gbit/s .................... 192

Figure 137 — TCTF test load |S

DD21

(f)| and ISI loss requirements at CT for untrained 3 Gbit/s .................. 193

Figure 138 — TCTF test load |S

DD21

(f)| and ISI loss requirements at IT for untrained 1.5 Gbit/s ................. 194

Figure 139 — TCTF test load |S

DD21

(f)| and ISI loss requirements at CT for untrained 1.5 Gbit/s ............... 195

Figure 140 — Low-loss TCTF test load ........................................................................................................ 196

Figure 141 — Low-loss TCTF test load |S

DD21

(f)| and ISI loss requirements ............................................... 197

Figure 142 — Trained 1.5 Gbit/s, 3 Gbit/s, and 6 Gbit/s reference transmitter test load |S

DD21

(f)|

up to 6 GHz ............................................................................................................................................. 198

Figure 143 — Trained 1.5 Gbit/s, 3 Gbit/s, and 6 Gbit/s reference transmitter test load pulse response ...... 199

T10/BSR INCITS 534 Revision 09 9 May 2017

xviii Working Draft Serial Attached SCSI - 4 (SAS-4)

Figure 144 — Trained 1.5 Gbit/s, 3 Gbit/s, and 6 Gbit/s reference transmitter test load impulse response

for 6 Gbit/s ............................................................................................................................................... 200

Figure 145 — Trained 1.5 Gbit/s, 3 Gbit/s, and 6 Gbit/s reference transmitter test load D24.3 response ..... 201

Figure 146 — NEXT and FEXT measurement definition .............................................................................. 202

Figure 147 — Reference sampling point and reference pulse response cursor ........................................... 203

Figure 148 — Reference transmitter coefficient error computation .............................................................. 204

Figure 149 — Convergence of reference transmitter equalization ............................................................... 205

Figure 150 — Transmitter device transient test circuit .................................................................................. 208

Figure 151 — Receiver device transient test circuit ...................................................................................... 208

Figure 152 — Transmitter device eye mask ................................................................................................. 210

Figure 153 — Receiver device eye mask ..................................................................................................... 211

Figure 154 — Deriving a receiver device jitter tolerance eye mask for untrained 1.5 Gbit/s and

3 Gbit/s .................................................................................................................................................... 212

Figure 155 — Transmitter device common mode voltage limit ..................................................................... 219

Figure 156 — Transmitter device |S

CC22

|, |S

DD22

|, and |S

CD22

| limits .......................................................... 221

Figure 157 — Trained 1.5 Gbit/s, 3 Gbit/s, and 6 Gbit/s reference transmitter device .................................. 222

Figure 158 — Trained 1.5 Gbit/s, 3 Gbit/s, and 6 Gbit/s reference transmitter device termination

S-parameters .......................................................................................................................................... 223

Figure 159 — Transmitter equalization measurement .................................................................................. 224

Figure 160 — 12 Gbit/s transmitter device common mode voltage limit ....................................................... 227

Figure 161 — Minimum and maximum coefficient ranges at maximum peak to peak voltage ...................... 228

Figure 162 — Transmitter circuit compliance test configuration ................................................................... 230

Figure 163 — 12 Gbit/s transmitter circuit output waveform ......................................................................... 231

Figure 164 — 12 Gbit/s transmitter device |S

CC22

|, |S

DD22

|, and |S

CD22

| limits ............................................ 234

Figure 165 — 12 Gbit/s reference transmitter device ................................................................................... 234

Figure 166 — 12 Gbit/s reference transmitter ............................................................................................... 235

Figure 167 — Simulation of the reference transmitter from a captured signal .............................................. 237

Figure 168 — 22.5 Gbit/s transmitter device common mode voltage limit .................................................... 239

Figure 169 — 22.5 Gbit/s transmitter device |S

CC22

|, |S

DD22

|, and |S

CD22

| limits at IT

and CT

................ 241

Figure 170 — 22.5 Gbit/s transmitter device |S

DD22

| limit at PT ................................................................... 242

Figure 171 — Applied SJ for untrained 1.5 Gbit/s and 3 Gbit/s .................................................................... 250

Figure 172 — Receiver device |S

CC11

|, |S

DD11

|, and |S

CD11

| limits at IR and CR ........................................ 252

Figure 173 — 22.5 Gbit/s receiver device |S

DD11

| limit at PR ....................................................................... 253

Figure 174 — Reference receiver device for trained 1.5 Gbit/s, 3 Gbit/s, and 6 Gbit/s ................................. 254

Figure 175 — Reference receiver device for trained 12 Gbit/s ..................................................................... 254

Figure 176 — Reference receiver device termination S-parameters for trained 1.5 Gbit/s, 3 Gbit/s, and

6 Gbit/s .................................................................................................................................................... 256

Figure 177 — Stressed receiver device jitter tolerance test block diagram for trained 1.5 Gbit/s, 3 Gbit/s,

and 6 Gbit/s ............................................................................................................................................. 257

Figure 178 — Stressed receiver device jitter tolerance test D24.3 eye opening for trained 1.5 Gbit/s,

3 Gbit/s, and 6 Gbit/s ............................................................................................................................... 259

Figure 179 — Stressed receiver transmitter equalization adjustment for 12 Gbit/s ...................................... 261

Figure 180 — Simulation of the reference transmitter from a captured signal .............................................. 262

Figure 181 — Applied SJ for trained 1.5 Gbit/s, 3 Gbit/s, 6 Gbit/s, 12 Gbit/s,and 22.5 Gbit/s without

SSC support ............................................................................................................................................ 266

Figure 182 — Applied SJ for trained 1.5 Gbit/s, 3 Gbit/s, 6 Gbit/s, 12 Gbit/s, and 22.5 Gbit/s with

SSC support ............................................................................................................................................ 267

Figure 183 — Center-spreading tolerance buffer ......................................................................................... 272

Figure 184 — OOB signal transmission ....................................................................................................... 277

Figure 185 — SATA port selection signal ..................................................................................................... 279

Figure C.1 — Trained 12 Gbit/s die to die insertion loss model ................................................................... 283

Figure C.2 — Transmitter device end to end simulation diagram that includes a separable TxRx

connection segment ..................................................................................................................................... 286

Figure C.3 — End to end simulation diagram of the from target device usage model for a

transmitter device connected to a non-separable TxRx connection segment .............................................. 288

Figure C.4 — End to end simulation diagram of the to target device usage model for a transmitter device

connected to a non-separable TxRx connection segment ........................................................................... 289

9 May 2017 T10/BSR INCITS 534 Revision 09

Working Draft Serial Attached SCSI - 4 (SAS-4) xix

Figure C.5 — Stressed receiver device delivered signal calibration end to end simulation diagram ........... 291

Figure E.1 — S-parameter measurement connections for a four port VNA ................................................. 294

Figure E.2 — Example of a SAS three TxRx connection segment .............................................................. 295

Figure G.1 — A simple physical link ............................................................................................................ 302

Figure G.2 — Transmitter device details ...................................................................................................... 303

Figure G.3 — Receiver device details .......................................................................................................... 304

Figure G.4 — De-embedding of connectors in test fixtures ......................................................................... 306

Figure G.5 — De-embedding to ET for 12 Gbit/s transmitter compliance .................................................... 307

Figure G.6 — De-embedding calibration test structure ................................................................................ 307

Figure G.7 — Measurement conditions for signal output at the transmitter device ..................................... 308

Figure G.8 — Transmitter device signal output measurement test fixture details ........................................ 308

Figure G.9 — Measurement conditions for signal tolerance at the transmitter device ................................. 309

Figure G.10 — Calibration of test fixture for signal tolerance at the transmitter device ............................... 309

Figure G.11 — Measurement conditions for signal output at the receiver device ........................................ 310

Figure G.12 — Measurement conditions for signal tolerance at the receiver device ................................... 310

Figure G.13 — Calibration of test fixture for signal tolerance at the receiver device ................................... 311

Figure G.14 — S-parameter port naming conventions ................................................................................ 314

Figure G.15 — Four single ended port or two differential port element ....................................................... 314

Figure G.16 — S-parameters for single ended and differential systems ..................................................... 315

Figure G.17 — Measurement conditions for S

at the transmitter device connector ................................. 316

Figure G.18 — Measurement conditions for S

at the receiver device connector ...................................... 317

Figure G.19 — Measurement conditions for S

at IT or CT ....................................................................... 318

Figure G.20 — Measurement conditions for S

at IR or CR ....................................................................... 319

Figure H.1 — Reference transmitter device and reference receiver device termination circuit model ........ 326

Figure H.2 — Generic return loss circuit model ........................................................................................... 328

Figure H.3 — Generic return loss model |S

| ............................................................................................. 329

Figure H.4 — Reference transmitter test load measurement setup ............................................................. 330

Figure H.5 — Reference transmitter test load |S

DD21

(f)| up to 20 GHz ....................................................... 331

Figure I.1 — Dual comparator design for active cable assembly detection ................................................. 332

Figure J.1 — Recommended |S

DD21

|, |S

CC22

|, |S

DD22

|, NEXT, and FEXT limits for connector mated pairs

supporting rates of 12 Gbit/s ........................................................................................................................ 334

Figure K.1 — Recommended |S

DD21

| limits for connector mated pairs supporting rates of 22.5 Gbit/s ...... 336

Figure K.2 — Recommended |S

DD22

| limit for connector mated pairs supporting rates of 22.5 Gbit/s ........ 336

Figure K.3 — Recommended |SCD21| limit for connector mated pairs supporting rates of 22.5 Gbit/s ...... 337

Figure K.4 — Recommended |SCD22| limit for connector mated pairs supporting rates of 22.5 Gbit/s ...... 337

Figure K.5 — Recommended etch |S

DD21

| for a TFP or a TFR supporting rates of 22.5 Gbit/s .................. 339

Figure L.1 — SAS primary icon .................................................................................................................... 340

Figure L.2 — MultiLink SAS icon ................................................................................................................. 340