硬派学习Python 2版：从基础到实践

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"《Learn Python The Hard Way》第二版是一本针对编程初学者的Python教程，由Zed A. Shaw编写并于2012年1月21日发布。本书强调通过实践和坚持学习来掌握编程基础，而非单纯依赖复制粘贴。它以一种“艰难但有效”的方式引导读者逐步学习Python语言。首先，章节“The Hard Way Is Easier”可能讨论了作者认为的传统教学方法与实践学习的重要性，强调通过亲手编码来培养解决问题的能力。阅读和写作技巧在第一章中得到了介绍，帮助新手理解基本的代码结构和文件操作。 “Attention to Detail”部分强调编程中的精确性，教导学生注意变量命名、语法规范等细节，防止因为小错误导致程序无法运行。书中的“Do Not Copy-Paste”章节鼓励独立思考，反对直接复制已有的代码，培养学生的创新和理解能力。对于练习和持久性的重视，作者在书中专门有一节“ANote On Practice and Persistence”，提醒学习者持续练习是提高编程技能的关键。同时，对于聪明的学生，可能会有一章“AWarning For TheSmarties”，提醒他们不要过于依赖自己的聪明才智，而忽视了基础和扎实的训练。在实际操作部分，从“Exercise0: The Setup”开始，教程指导读者如何在不同操作系统上设置开发环境，包括MacOSX、Windows和Linux。随后的章节分别教授了基础概念，如数据类型（如数字、字符串）、变量和命名规则，以及更复杂的操作，如条件语句和循环。例如，“Exercise1: A Good First Program”可能让读者编写一个简单的程序，旨在展示如何打印“Hello, World!”，这将引导他们了解基本的输出功能。每个练习后都附有“WhatYouShouldSee”部分，提供预期的结果，帮助学生检查自己的进度，并在“ExtraCredit”中提供进阶挑战，以便深入学习。《Learn Python The Hard Way》不仅教授Python语言，更注重培养良好的编程习惯和思维方式，适合希望通过扎实基础入门的编程爱好者。通过一系列实战性的任务，读者可以在实践中逐步提升对Python的理解和熟练度。"

Learn Python The Hard Way, Release 2.0

12. Go back to Terminal using just the keyboard to switch windows. Look it up if you can’t ﬁgure it out.

13. Back in Terminal, see if you can list the directory to see your newly created ﬁle. Search online for how to list a

directory.

Note: If you have problems with gedit, which is possible with non-English keyboard layouts, then I suggest you try

Textwrangler found at http://www.barebones.com/products/textwrangler/ instead.

OSX: What You Should See

Here’s me doing the above on my computer in Terminal. Your computer would be different, so see if you can ﬁgure

out all the differences between what I did and what you should do.

Last login: Sat Apr 24 00:56:54 on ttys001

~ $ python

Python 2.5.1 (r251:54863, Feb 6 2009, 19:02:12)

[GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Inc. build 5465)] on darwin

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> ^D

~ $ mkdir mystuff

~ $ cd mystuff

mystuff $ ls

# ... Use Gedit here to edit test.txt....

mystuff $ ls

test.txt

mystuff $

Windows

Note: Contributed by zhmark.

1. Go to http://learnpythonthehardway.org/exercise0.html with your browser, get the gedit text editor, and install

it. You do not need to be administrator to do this.

2. Make sure you can get to gedit easily by putting it on your desktop and/or in Quick Launch. Both options

are available during setup.

(a) Run gedit so we can ﬁx some stupid defaults it has.

(b) Open Edit->Preferences select the Editor tab.

(d) Select (make sure a check mark is in) Insert spaces instead of tabs.

(e) Turn on “Automatic indentation” as well.

(f) Open the View tab turn on “Display line numbers”.

3. Run “powershell” from the start menu. Search for it and you can just hit enter to run it.

4. Make a shortcut to it on your desktop and/or Quick Launch for your convenience.

5. Run your Terminal program. It won’t look like much.

8 Exercise 0: The Setup

Learn Python The Hard Way, Release 2.0

6. In your Terminal program, run python. You run things in Terminal by just typing their name and hitting

RETURN.

(a) If you run python and it’s not there (python is not recognized..). Install it from

http://python.org/download

(b) Make sure you install Python 2 not Python 3.

(d) If after you install it python still isn’t recognized then in powershell enter this:

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("Path",

"$env:Path;C:\Python27", "User")

(e) Close powershell and then start it again to make sure python now runs. If it doesn’t restart may be required.

7. Hit CTRL-Z (^Z), Enter and get out of python.

8. You should be back at a prompt similar to what you had before you typed python. If not ﬁnd out why.

9. Learn how to make a directory in the Terminal. Search online for help.

10. Learn how to change into a directory in the Terminal. Again search online.

11. Use your editor to create a ﬁle in this directory. Make the ﬁle, “Save” or “Save As...”, and pick this directory.

12. Go back to Terminal using just the keyboard to switch windows. Look it up if you can’t ﬁgure it out.

13. Back in Terminal, see if you can list the directory to see your newly created ﬁle. Search online for how to list a

directory.

Warning: If you missed it, sometimes you install Python on Windows and it doesn’t conﬁgure

the path correctly. Make sure you enter [Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("Path",

"$env:Path;C:\Python27", "User") in powershell to conﬁgure it correctly. You also have to ei-

ther restart powershell or your whole computer to get it to really be ﬁxed.

Windows: What You Should See

> python

ActivePython 2.6.5.12 (ActiveState Software Inc.) based on

Python 2.6.5 (r265:79063, Mar 20 2010, 14:22:52) [MSC v.1500 32 bit (Intel)] on win32

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> ^Z

> mkdir mystuff

> cd mystuff

... Here you would use gedit to make test.txt in mystuff ...

> dir

Volume in drive C is

Volume Serial Number is 085C-7E02

Directory of C:\Documents and Settings\you\mystuff

Windows 9

Learn Python The Hard Way, Release 2.0

04.05.2010 23:32 <DIR> .

04.05.2010 23:32 <DIR> ..

04.05.2010 23:32 6 test.txt

1 File(s) 6 bytes

2 Dir(s) 14 804 623 360 bytes free

You will probably see a very different prompt, Python information, and other stuff but this is the general idea. If your

system is different let us know at http://learnpythonthehardway.org and we’ll ﬁx it.

Linux

Linux is a varied operating system with a bunch of different ways to install software. I’m assuming if you are running

Linux then you know how to install packages so here are your instructions:

1. Go to http://learnpythonthehardway.org/exercise0.html with your browser, get the gedit text editor, and install

it.

2. Make sure you can get to gedit easily by putting it in your window manager’s menu.

(a) Run gedit so we can ﬁx some stupid defaults it has.

(b) Open Preferences select the Editor tab.

(d) Select (make sure a check mark is in) Insert spaces instead of tabs.

(e) Turn on “Automatic indentation” as well.

(f) Open the View tab turn on “Display line numbers”.

3. Find your “Terminal” program. It could be called GNOME Terminal, Konsole, or xterm.

4. Put your Terminal in your Dock as well.

5. Run your Terminal program. It won’t look like much.

6. In your Terminal program, run python. You run things in Terminal by just typing their name and hitting

RETURN.

(a) If you run python and it’s not there, install it. Make sure you install Python 2 not Python 3.

7. Hit CTRL-D (^D) and get out of python.

8. You should be back at a prompt similar to what you had before you typed python. If not ﬁnd out why.

9. Learn how to make a directory in the Terminal. Search online for help.

10. Learn how to change into a directory in the Terminal. Again search online.

11. Use your editor to create a ﬁle in this directory. Typically you will make the ﬁle, “Save” or “Save As..”, and

pick this directory.

12. Go back to Terminal using just the keyboard to switch windows. Look it up if you can’t ﬁgure it out.

13. Back in Terminal see if you can list the directory to see your newly created ﬁle. Search online for how to list a

directory.

10 Exercise 0: The Setup

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